MADEIRAN SPECIES OP LAURIA. 89 



or less mottled with brown above, and with the base dark 

 brown, generally with a lighter band. The slowly increas- 

 ing whorls are nearly flat, the last short, rounded basally. 

 The aperture is subtriangular, with 8 (or 9) teeth, all em- 

 erging at least to the inner edge of the peristome. The two 

 lamella? of the parietal wall, the columellas and the lower- 

 palatal, enter deeply. Angular lamella united by a callus 

 with the lip-insertion. Parietal lamella smaller, emerging. 

 Columellas lamella strong, horizontal, a small supracol- 

 umellar above it. Lower-palatal fold strong, long, a short 

 upper-palatal fold between it and the strong lip-tooth bound- 

 ing the sinulus, these two more or less confluent. Near the 

 upper insertion of the lip there is often a quite small tooth. 

 Basal tooth short. The peristome is expanded, the lower and 

 columellas margins reflected, calloused within. Columellas 

 margin very oblique, curved inward. 



Length 4.6. diam. 2.8 mm. ; 8 whorls. 



Length 4, diam. 2.7 mm. ; 7 wiiorls. 



Madeira: extreme head of the Ribeira de Sta. Luzia (type 

 loc.) among vegetable detritus, on the steep butress or bank 

 immediately to the right of the waterfall, and which consti- 

 tutes the base of the lofty, perpendicular rocks; also in 

 northern Madeira in the Ribeira de Sao Jorge. Common in 

 the Pleistocene at Canical (Wollaston). 



Helix C. cassida Lowe, Cambr. Philos. Trans, iv, 1831, p. 

 64. — Pupa cassida Lowe, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1854, p. 212. 

 Pfr., Monogr. ii, 344. — Albers, Malac. Mader., p. 68. — 

 Wollaston, Test. Atl. p. 213. 



The large size, conic spire and numerous submarginal 

 white teeth, the close costulation and mottled coloring of the 

 solid, compact shell, will readily distinguish cassida from 

 other species. 



It is rather rare as a recent shell, and I have not seen an/ 

 young specimens, the teeth in that stage being therefore un- 

 known. Wollaston believes that it will prove to be pretty 

 generally distributed in the damp, sylvan ravines of inter- 

 mediate altitudes. 



