130 AGARDHIA. 



The affinities of Agardhia are uncertain. The adult shell 

 has some resemblance to Orcula. The stages of immaturity 

 have received but little attention. Bernhardt noted that the 

 young A. ferrari has a low, spirally entering basal welt but 

 no columellar or parietal lamellse. Further observation is 

 needed before the position now assigned to Agardhia in the 

 subfamily Orculinse can be considered settled. 



Owing to the subterranean habits of part of the species 

 and narrowly restricted range of others, many of the Agardhias 

 are rare shells in collections outside of Italy, Austria and 

 Hungary. 



Agardhia probably exists in France as a living snail only 

 in the region of Saint-Martin de Lantosque. Probably all the 

 other records were based upon Pleistocene specimens, either 

 in place or found in river-debris. In the Dep. Alpes-Maritimes 

 this genus appears to have been abundantly represented in 

 the Pleistocene, down to low levels. 



Literature. — Our knowledge of these snails is largely due 

 to conchologists of Italy and Austria. Pollonera's paper of 

 1887 is the most helpful work on Italian forms. His descrip- 

 tions and figures have been copied by Kobelt in his Icono- 

 graphie der Land- und Susswasser-Mollusken, n. F., viii, 1889, 

 pp. 98-101, pi. 237, and they are in large part repeated in the 

 following pages. 



In 1890 Flach published a review of the recent and fossil 

 species then known (excepting those of Nevill, which he did 

 not mention), with a full and useful key for their determina- 

 tion. Westerlund gave an abridged account of the genus in 

 his Synopsis Molluscorum extramarinorum Begionis Palse- 

 arctica?, 1897, pp. 73-75, recognizing 9 species and 14 varieties 

 and forms. He did not know Flach's work. Finally R. Stu- 

 rany and A. J. "Wagner revised part of the eastern group of 

 species in an important paper published in the Denkschriften 

 der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse der Kaiser- 

 lichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Bd. 91, Wien, 1914. 



At present, 13 recent and Pleistocene species are known, 

 with about an equal number of subspecies, though there are 



