Fig. 25. Some of the different ways in which the mouthparts of insects 

 have evolved: a, a grasshopper has a 'general purpose' set, with none of 

 the components specially developed; b, this beetle has the mandibles 

 enlarged into powerful organs for seizing and crushing food; c, this horse- 

 fly has a soft, fleshy proboscis, which conceals sharp, stiletto-like piercing 

 organs; d, this bug has a similar set of piercing organs, concealed in a 

 segmented sheath (the labium); e, this bee has a soft and elongate pro- 

 boscis for sucking as well as mandibles for chewing 



43 



