A list of essential equipment for field work with mussels would include 

 the following items: 



Field notebook Field labels 



Old newspapers for packing Pencils 



Small rake String 



Tennis shoes for wading Forcer,!; 



Nail kegs Thin-bladed knife 



Burlap to cover kegs Bucket for boiling specimens 



Nails for sealing kegs Giass-bottomcd bucket 



Labels and tacks for labeling kegs Collecting sacks 



Vials containing 70 percent alcohol Alcohol (70 percent) for preserving 



The following brief bibliography may assist those who are interested 

 in the literature dealing with collecting fresh- water mussels: 



SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1860. A Circular with Reference to Collecting 

 North American Shells. Smiths. Misc. Coll., vol. 2: 1-4. 



LEWIS, JAMES, 1866. Instructions for Collecting Land and Fresh-Water Shells. 

 Smiths. Inst. Ann. Kept, for 1866: 389-94. 



, 1868. Directions for Collecting Land and Fresh-Water Shells. American 



Naturalist, vol. 2: 410-20. 



WETHERBY, A. G., 1882. Directions for Collecting and Preparing Land and Fresh- 

 Water Shells. Journal Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5: 44-51. 



DALL, W. H., 1892. Instructions for Collecting Moilusks, and Other Useful Hints 

 for the Conchologist. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 39: 1-56. 



CALL, R. E., 1900. A Descriptive Illustrated Catalogue of the Mollusca of Indiana. 

 24th Ann. Rept. Indiana Dept. Geol. and Nat. Resources for 1899 (1900): 342-44. 



WALKER, BRYANT, 1902. Hints on Collecting Land and Fresh Water Mollusca. 

 Journ. Applied Microsc. and Lab. Methods, vol. 5: 1854-61. 



ORTMANN, A. E., 1911. A Monograph of the Naiades of Pennsylvania. Mem. 

 Carnegie Mus., vol. 4: 281. 



SMITH, H. H., 1912. Directions for Collecting Mussel Shells. Ala. Geol. Survey, 

 Museum Paper No. 3: 9-12. 



HARMER, S. F., 1918. Instructions for Collectors No. 9 Soft Bodied and Other 

 Invertebrate Animals. British Museum of Natural History. 



BAKER, F. C, 1921. Preparing Collections of the Mollusca for Exhibition and 

 Study. Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc, 40: 31-46. 



CLENCH, W. J., 1931. A Preventive for the Scaling of the Periostracum. Nautilus, 

 45: 30-31. 



LAND SHELL COLLECTING 



By William J. Clench 



Reprinted from 1941 Annual Report, American Malacological Union 



Land shells may be found nearly everywhere that there is some sort of 

 protective cover. Conditions, of course, vary a great deal and one must 

 study those conditions that are the best for moilusks in any given locality. 

 Experience, however, will prove to be the most important factor associated 

 in the collecting of land shells. 



A few general hints can be given that may possibly aid the beginner. 

 Lowlands along streams and lakes are generally found to be excellent as 

 long as the area is above the flood line. Shaded areas of ravines where there 

 is ample ground moisture and leaf cover are apt to be very good. Land 

 shells generally shun exposed situations that are excessively dry during 

 portions of a season. A good line of reasoning is to attempt to visualize the 

 sea.sonal conditions that any one locality must undergo during the year. 



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