^Qg Deutscne Siidpolar-Expedition. 



..TIr' liPpatic vi'ins in tlic Seal have an outer coat of circular fibrös. The accunuilation of blood in tlie siiuis of tlie 

 hepatic veiiis during tlie act of diving indicates the need of niusciilar power to propel the blood onward to the heart." 



„The linder siirface of most of the lobes shows sniall notches or fis^sures; and these are still more marked in Oluria. Two 

 hepato-cystic diicts entered the gall-bladder in the seal I dissected. The cystic tluct was joined by a small hepatic diict 

 about half an inch from the gall-bladder; and a little lower down was joined by a larger hepatic duct, whicli w^as fornied 

 by the junction of two otlier ducts. each of wliich was also formed by the nnion of two ducts. Coming distinctly froni fuur 

 lobes of the liver. The ductus coninuinis was one and a half inch long; it was joined by the pancreatic duct, as it tcrnii- 

 nated in a dilatcd sacculus within the duodenal coats." 



..Tlie inner surface of the gall-bladder is niinutely riigous and villous, the rugae beconiing longitudinal at the cervix, 

 and subsiding in the duct" — (1. c. p. 48(J). 



„In the Seal the oniental fold is thin and dcvoid of fat." 



Aus MuRiES (1871 und 1874) Untersuchungen über die Anatomie der Pinnipedia interessiert 

 uns folgendes: 



I. On the Walrus (Trichechus rosinarus, Linn.). 



1. Relative 1' o s i t i o n o f V i s c e r a. 



..PArBEXTON (1. c. p. 419) inentions that in the foetus examined by hini the great Omentum was short. and hidden by 

 the stomach. Such was the condition of the Society's late specimen: and moreover this menibrane did not contain a par- 

 ticle of fat. The same writer states that the stomach was entirely to the left, and describes the relations of the other parts. 



I may shortly allude to the disposition of the viscera as I found them . When the abdonien is opened a 



))ortion of the hver is seen to occupy the anterior region; but this viscus really Stretches into both hypochondriae; behind 

 it, right in the middle, is the great siphon-shaped stomach, and beyond the convoluted intestines a portion of the bladder 

 peering in front of the Symphysis. A moiety only of the spieen is seen in the left hypochondrium, near the stomach ." 



„The small intestine, after a sharp turn, crosses from right to left hypochondrium bencath the large-sized mesenteric 

 glands and the spieen, and over the left kidncy, forming hypogastric convolutions. Circuitously crossing and recrossing, it 

 reaches the coecum, which is covered by the pancreas, and fixed cpiite beneath the stomach. The great intestine at first 

 is likewise covered by the pancreas and cardiac end of stomach, and in loops proceeds towards the fundus of the bladder, 

 where the rectum commcnccs." 



,,The relative positions of the abdominal viscera thus present a general agreenient with those of the Otary. with lliis 

 difference, that the stomach in the former occupied a large visible area, or, in situ, was less covered by the hver tlian 

 inet with in my dissection of the latter." 



2. Ali m e n t a r y C anal, Gl a n d s , etc. 



„The length of the Oesophagus was not ascertained; it is a thick-walled tube with internal linear corrugated plicae." 



„In the foetus, no more than half a foot long, dissected by I).\ubextox, the small intestine was 2'/2French feet from 

 the pylorus to what he notes as the coecal appendage, which was only represented by a rudimentary tubercle; the large 

 intestine was 4 inches in length. In the Society's first female specimen, 4 feet long, investigated by Professor Owen (1853), 

 the entire gut, including the coecum, measured 76 feet l^oinch, whereof the small intestines were 75 feet, the great in- 

 testines 1 foot, and the coecum li^inch. The young male under immediate consideration was a somewhat older and larger 

 animal than the latter." 



„According to D.\ube.\tox, Owex, and Hu.xley the manylobed hver resembles that of Seals. My Observation corro- 

 borates this to a certain extent; but in three gcnera of Pinnigrades examined by nie I note certain dilferentiating charac- 

 ters. The entire niass and thickness of the liver, as might be expected, is absolutely the greatest in Triclieclius, and as 

 regards secondary or superficial fissurcs it presents iiitermediate gradation between Phocn and Otarin. In the lattcr it is 

 sculptured and furrowed to a rcmarkable degree, less so in the second, and least in the first mentioncd. The larger lobes 

 in the Walrus arc more rounded in outline than in the other two genera, where they are rather triangularly figured and 

 taper-pointed." 



..The cystic lobe of üwex is deeply bifid, the right moiety more elongated than the left. Between them the pyri- 

 form gall-bladder is bound down by three separate folds of menibrane. but it does not lie in » sunken fissure. The cystic 

 duct is an inch long and then receives an afferent from the left, and ab(jut a quarter of an inch below that anotlier from 

 the right. Two inches further on it partly penetrates the wall of tlic intestine. where. enlarcing into a capacious duct. it 

 coiitinues for 5;4 inches more, at last piercin«;- the miicuus coat, aiul opens into the intestine by a very miiiute orifice." 



