Bi!f)MAN und RiETZ, V^erdaiiungsrolir. ^\\ 



It varies in breadtli Iruiu U,5 tu O.H iiieli, and in sunie places the vesicles or pits are niure distinet tluui in otlicrs, but 

 throughout its whole extent is well marked. 



The Caput caecum coli is a simple, wido. cylindroid diverticulnni, half an inch hing-. 



The great intestine has few flexures; and its walls are remaiiiably free from saccnlations. Froni tlic ileo-caccal valve 

 to the anus it measures 59i4inches, including caecum. The diametcr of the greater part of its course is If^inch. wide- 

 iiing near the rectum to l'/iinch. Mucous, muscular, and serous coats are cach and all of considerable thickncss. As may 

 be inferred from the abseuce of sacculations, the longitudinal muscular fibres are not segregated in bands, but fornt a more 

 or less uniformly distributed outer coat, thickest at the rectal portion, and terminating with the circular fibres in a largo 

 sphincter ani internus. The nuicous folds are irregulär slight elevations and shallow depressions. which only acquire a pro- 

 nounced character at the lower part of the gut. The siu-face throughout has a niiiuitely granulated appearance. 



From what has been said it foUows that the total length of the ahmentary tract (that is from the mouth to anus) 

 is approximately equivalent to G9 feet: of this the Oesophagus counts 22V2 inches, the stomach 21 inches, and the intestinal 

 tube 65 feet 2 inches. 



4. A 1 i m e n t a r y Gl a n d s etc. 



a. L i V e r. — As in the Earless Seals, the liepatic organ is divided in a remarkable manner — there being sevcn 

 or eight very much separated lobes or lobules, and each of these is more or less subdivided into lobules and fissures of an 

 extremely conipMcated kind. This furrowed and lobular character of the liver is in some respects identical with the condition 

 obtained in the curious Rodent Capwmijs fuurnien; only in the Sea-lion the superficial sculpturing and segregation into the 

 smaller angular lobules does not proceed quite so far as in the animal conipared. In the aberrant form of Leniuroid Arcto- 

 cebus calabarensis the raain lobes of the liver are very niuch separated by deep incisions, but the surface of the organ is 

 comparatively smooth. 



In Olaria the root of the üver rests upon the enorniously dilatcd abdominal venous sinuses, and, indeed, on the riglit 

 side, partly surrounds that vascular reservoir. 



What may be desciibed as the first (I) lobule of the riglit hepatic lobe is, like the other niain divisions, tongue- 

 shaped, and only of moderate thickness. ^Vloug with the second lobule it is very much separated from the other right lobu- 

 lar division; indeed those two of themselves are quite free and placed widely apart. At its root the first lobule is adherent 

 to the Vena cava ascendens, and Covers a jiortion of it deeply. In greatest length, upon its diaphragmatic siirface, it mea- 

 sures 9 inches; and transversely its widest dianieter is 3 li inches. Superficially it possesses few furrows or marginal in- 

 cisions, as compared with other of the hepatic Segments. Those presents are chiefly towards the left side, and have a trilobed 

 character. The second, smaller lobule (II), 414 indies long, situated in front, Springs from the root of the first. It is much 

 the narrower of the two, and has an inq)erfect sagittate outline, the left barb of which is partially adherent, and crosses 

 the base of the first lobule. Fig. 72 shows the second lobe displaced to the right of the first. The third lobule (III), much 

 the largest division of the so-called right lobe, has a sinuous, faintly fissured margin, and comes into contact at the root 

 behind and 011 the left with the fourth or quadrate lobule. It is thick, measures 10 inches in length, and avcrages 4 inches 

 in breadth. Both surfaces are more or less irregularly furrowed, the gastric one furthermore having median, somewhat 

 angular, lobulations. A thick broad ligament (?) passes from the left of these to the gall-bladder, which lies in the fissure 

 betwixt the third and fourth lobules. The fourth division of the right lobe (IV), or lobus quadratus {Q), is differently shaped 

 from the preceding, being composed of several pedunculate, unequally fissured parts, joined, however, at the roots and par- 

 tially adherent and overlapped by the base of the third lobule behind the venous sinus. The suspensory Mgament of the 

 liver intervenes between the fourth and fifth lobules, though abdominaUy they are in contact. The neck of the gaU-bladder 

 is placed rather upon the left side on the third lobule; but its fundus passes obliquely to the dorsal surface of the quadrate 

 lobule. Very large subdivisions of the portal vein run into the substance of both the third and fourth lobules; and these, 

 along with the cystic ligament and a moderate amount of hepatic tissue, bridge together this otherwise separate or bifid 

 cystic lobe. Its quadrate segment, our fourth lobule, is about 2 inches broad and 6 inches in extreme length. 



The fifth lobule, counting from the right (V), or right moiety of the left lobe, is large, thick, and almost coiuplctcly 

 severed from its fellow moiety on the left. From its root to its narrowed free point is 11 inches long; and it varies from 3 

 to 31/2 inches in breadth. Marginally it is fissured, but not deeply, whilst its upper and lower surfaces are throughout very 

 much grooved and ridged longitudinally. The furthest segment to the left, or sixth lobule (VI), is less tapering than the 

 above, and rather smaller, namely 8 by 4^4 inches in diameter, though equally thick. Dorsally it is smoother than the 

 fifth lobule, but ventrally is much sculptured like it; the left conipartment of the venous sinus runs well into its substance. 



At the root or middle of this much segmented liver, where the blood-vessels and hepatic ducts split into divisional 

 branches, there are several leaf-hke, almost separate, minor lobules. These, together, represent or are homologous with the 

 Spigelian lobe (.9), and, mimerically considered, count as the seventh hepatic lobule (VII). From them there issues an hepatic 

 duct (no. 4). They lie upon the venous reservoir, slightly to the riglit of its median constriction, nierge into a flat hepatic 

 peace still further 011 the right, and are themselves partially covered by the hepatic vesscls. ducts, and Olisson's capsule. 



65* 



