51(j Deutsche Siidpolar-Kxpedition. 



of partially disested mateiiul wcir l'oiaid in tlic inti'rior of the ütomach, only tlie fiiiest i>ulp. piiikisli aiid pasty, was secn 

 tliroughout the intestiiie. 



The Contents of the stomach consisted entirely of tlie remains of fishes, in varioxis stages of digestion. Nunierous 

 vertebrae, representing fish of various sizes, skull-boncs, jaw-bones, spines, ribs, and fin rays, besides quantities of ova, were 

 fouiid. The largest vertebrae were indentified as belonging to a specimen of Lophius piscaforius, of at least 2 feet 

 in Icngth; and, from the absence of the large skull-bones of this aninial, probably tiie seal bit off and rejected the bulky 

 head of this fish. The niajority of the other bones represented Gadülae of different sizes; and, judging from the State 

 of their vertebral columns, probably these were swallowed entire. 



S m a 1 1 1 n t e s t i n e. — For about a foot, the small intestine was disposed in relation to the head of the pan- 

 creas, and this portion may be regarded as the duodenuni. Three inches from the pylorus it received the common bilc-diict 

 and the pancreatic duet on its dorsal aspcct. These ducts entered the intestinal wall in close proximity to, bat distinct from, 

 each other. They perforated the wall very obliquely, and without communicating with each other. Their orificcs were 

 sufflciently obUque to enable the duodenuni to retain air forced into it from the stomach. but air pumped into the duodenuni 

 from its distal end readily escaped by the ducts in question. 



The coils of the small intestines (jejunum and ileum) were very claborate, and were retained in position by a niesen- 

 tery attached to the dorsal aspect of the abdominal wall in a transverse direction. Between the peritoneal layers of the 

 mesentery, and close to its base, there was one large gland measuring 9 inches in length. The average depth of the mesen- 

 tery was 8 inches. 



Large Intestine. — The longitudiiial muscular fibres of the large intestine were disposed in a continuous Stratum, 

 and therefore its wall was iion-sacculated. In length it nieasured 2 feet, exclusive of the rectum, which was rather more thaii 

 1 foot. 



The Caecum was situated close to the duodenuni. and was devoid of a vermiform appendix. Measured from the 

 lower margin of the ileum, at its line of junction with the colon to its free end, the caecum extended 2 inches. A peritoneal 

 fold — ileo-caecal ligament — attached the ileum and caecum to each other. The caecum was distinctly narrower tliroughout its 

 entire lensth than the colon, but the narrowest part was a distinct constriction half an inch from the nearest point of the 

 ileo-caecum line of junction. This constriction might be regarded as indicating a rudimentary stage in the Separation of caecum 

 into caecum proper and vermiform appendix. 



Ileo-caecal V a 1 v e. — Having made an aperture in the colon opposite its junction with the ileum, it was possible 

 to examine the valvulär arrangements of the ileo-caecal orifice. These were very iniperfect, and were disposed in relation to 

 a circular opening not quite so large as the lumen of the small intestine. The folds of lining membrane, which played the 

 pavt of valves. were not of sufficient size to occlude the orifice. They were arranged more especially in relation to the dorsal, 

 ventral, and hinder aspect of the orifice. On the hin der or caecal aspect of the orifice a dorso-ventral fold of 

 a somewhat triangulär appearance was situated. Its apex and sides were fused with the wall of the caecum, but its base was 

 crcscentic and free, and directed forwards. From the dorsal cxtremity of this crescentic border the valvulär fold was coii- 

 tiniied into a small dorsal valve, having a semilunar outline. A third and more extensive seniilunar fold was situated 

 on the ventral aspect of the orifice. Both horns of the semilune were visible from the inferior of the colon. The hinder 

 hörn faded on the surface of the hinder or caecal Aap, the anterior hörn fused with the wall of the colon in front of the 

 crescentic dorsal Aap, and thus both extremities of the dorsal valve were embraced by the ends of the ventral one. From 

 the angle at which the ileum joins the colon, it is quite clear that the fusion of their contiguous walls is sufficient to account 

 for the triangulär Aap or valve on the hinder or caecal aspect of the ileo-caecal orifice. Further, it is interesting to note 

 that this triangulär hinder valve corresponds in position to the inferior or perpendicular Aap of the corresponding valvulär 

 ap|iaratus in man; and that, by a fusion of the contiguous horns of the dorsal and ventral semilunar folds, accompanicd 

 by such an increase of their size as would reduce the antero -posterior diameter of the orifice, we should practically reproduce 

 the valvulär arrangements familiär in man. 



The c 1 11 was not difl'erentiated as in man. 



The r e c t u m possessed a well-defined mesentery in its anterior half. 



The 1 i v e r was a bulky multi-lobulated organ. and when removed from the body it no doubt underwcnt conside- 

 rable flattening. 



Its d i a p h r a i;- ma t i c surface measured 23 inches laterally, and from 10 to 18 inches in the dorsoventral 

 direction. Tiie falciform ligament and hgamentum teres were well marked, and the general surface of the organ was deft 

 to varyiiig depths by a number of fissures. To the left side of the falciform lig. there were three lobes, the smallest being 

 situated between the lig. teres and the deep fissure in which the fuiidus of the gall-bladder appeared. 



The abdominal surface of the liver was also iiiiich lobulated. In addition to those lobes already described 

 on the diaphragmatic surface, tliere was aiiothcr which was continuous with the Spigelian lobe, and which hung pendu- 

 I u s from the right end of the hiluiii. The h i 1 u m measured 5 inches in the transverse direction. In its general plan, 



