51)^ Deutsche SiidpoIar-E)xpedition. 



Dieser Autor bekam durch ,,the Scottish Antarctic Expedition" zur Untersuchung ein 2 Tage 

 altes Junges von Lcptonychotes, das zwischen Schnauzen- und Schwanzspitze 5IV2 ins. maß. 

 Aus dem Kapitel „Peritoneal Folds and Keflections" entnehmen wir folgendes: 



,,At first glance therc was 110 sign of a great Omentum, but on separating the coils of intestina from contact witli 

 tlie stoniach, the great Omentum was found crumpled up against its attachment to the groater curve of the stomach. Its 

 greatest dej)th from the stomach to its free margin was '■) inches. It was devoid of visible fat, and was thercfore an ex- 

 tremely thin and translucent membrane. There was a welhnarked gastro-hepatic or lesser Omentum presenting the usual 

 gastric and hepatic connections. The gastro-splenic Omentum was also well marked, and by it the spieen was attached to 

 the membrane extendcd to the dorsal wall of the abdominal cavity without Coming into relation with the left kidncy, which 

 was situated opposite to its fellow and considerably further back in the abdomen. 



The liver was attached to the sub-diaphragmatic surface by the usual suspensory, coronary and lateral i)eritoneal li- 

 gaments, to which further reference will be made in describing the hver. 



The duodenum was suspended in a dorsal mesial mensentery whose base of attachment measured nearly 5 inches, and 

 this represented the distance between the pylorus (gastro-duodenal junction) and the duodeno-jejunal junction which was 

 situated close behind (tailwards of) the superior mesenteric vessels and immediately to the left of the mesial plane. To the 

 right side of the duodenal mesentery there was a large peritoneal recess whose right boundary was formed by a tailed lobe 

 of the Uver extended backwards along the dorsal wall in intimate association with the inferior vena cava. 



At the first glance there appeared to be no naked-eye distinction between the small intestine and the colon. At no 

 ])oint wcre taenia coh, sacculations, or aiJjiendices epiploicae visible. 



As measured from the duodeno-jejunal junction or flexure, 4ü feet of gut were suspended from the dorsal wall in a 

 mesentery practically corresponding to the entrance of the superior mesenteric vessels. A closer examination revealed a 

 distinct lateral diverticulum rather more than 1 inch in length but of the same cahbre as the gut, situated on that part 

 of the gut, which was suspended in the mesentery and at a jtoint 9 inches from the hinder end of the mesentery. This diver- 

 ticulum evidently represented the coecum and the vermiform appendix in their most primitive form, and in the same con- 

 dition as I have formerly described in the case of the grey seal (Halicliiierns (jryfms), We niay therefore conclude that this 

 diverticulum marks the commencemcnt of the colon. 



Consequently the first 9 inches of the colon are suspended in the same mesentery as the small intestine, exclusive 

 of the duodenum. The rcmaindcr of the gut, i. e. colon, was suspended in a dorsal mesial mesentery extending tailwards 

 to the entrance of the pclvis. while tlirough the greater part of the pelvic cavity a dorsal mesial mesentery supported the 

 pelvic part of the colon, i. e. the rectum. 



The foramen of Winslow was vcry distinctly defined in relation to the free right border of the gastro-hepatic Omentum. 

 Similarly the lesser sac of the Peritoneum was equally distinct, although the great Omentum was not in any sense a gastro- 

 colic structure. 



A 1 i ni e n t a r y C) r g a n s. 



The stomach preseiited a single Chamber situated with its long diameter in tlie axis of the trunk. The oeso- 

 pliagus entered the stomach shL;litly to the right side of the most prominent or anterior part of the fundus. The greater 

 convexity or curve was well defined, and measured 17 inches from the Oesophagus to the pylorus. The distance between the 

 same points along the lesser curve was 10 inches. Each of these curves was associated with the usual Omenta. A very sharp 

 bend occurred in the lesser curve, 5 inches in a straight line from the Oesophagus and 3 inches from the pylorus. The sides 

 of this beiul were held in close apposition by the Peritoneum, and the general appearance produced was that of a con- 

 striction in the course of the cavity of the stomach. The greatest width of the stomach on the oesophageal side of tliis 

 beiul was ö'/iiiiclies, whereas on the pyloric side of the bend the greatest width was 4 inches, and opposite the bend the 

 v\i(lth was 214 inches. The practical result of the infolding of the stomach wall was therefore to produce two Chambers 

 conmmnicating with each other by an aperture considerably narrower than either of the Chambers. A second slight constriction 

 was present in the pyloric section, and thus as a whole, from Oesophagus to pylorus, the stomach suggested tliree impcr- 

 fectly separated compartments or Chambers. 



The Contents of the stoniach consisted of a quantify of a, tliick pasty substance of a somewhat light earthy colour. 

 It was uniformly smoofh, aiul contained no evidcnce of boiies. In all probability it rei)resented partially digested coagulum 

 of milk. 



The pylorus was placed in Ihe mesial plane, aiuI was recognisable both to the eye and to the touch as a con- 

 stricted rinc;. 



The d u d e n u 111 extended fnmt Ihe pylorus in the form of a Inirseshde Ido]) VI to ]:) inches JouR. It was atlaclied 

 dorsally in Ihe nu'sial plane by a nu'sentery. The ]iroxinial and distal ends (if the loop were from 4 lo 5 inches apart. To 



