KEY TO CLASSES AND ORDERS OF ANIMALS 45 



30(29) Appendages and wings almost always standing out 

 loosely from the body, when tightly folded; antennae 

 never in the position described under 29. Cells or 

 cocoons nearly spherical or hemispherical. (Lutz, 53 ; 

 Comstock, 175.) 



Order Neuroptera, with few exceptions 



31(28) Prothorax not distinct, its posterior boundary not 

 indicated at all or only by a slight groove on the dorsal 

 surface; mouth parts formed for biting or sucking, 

 sometimes not in evidence. 32 



32(35) All appendages wholly or partially fused to the integu- 

 ment of the body; wings large, covering at least one- 

 third of the anterior half of the body; antennae almost 

 always passing backward parallel with the anterior 

 edge of the forewing. 33 



33(34) Attached at the posterior end only, or in addition by a 

 single thread of silk passing around the body; never 

 with cocoon. (Papilionidae, Lutz, 134; Comstock, 

 375.) Order Lepidoptera 



34(33) With a cocoon or entirely without attachments. 

 (Heterocera and Hesperiidae, Lutz, 142, 146.) 



. Order Lepidoptera 



35(32) Appendages not fused to the integument of the body; 

 wings covering much less than one-third of the anterior 

 half of the body; antennae passing downward across 

 the front of the face and past the mouth parallel with 

 the mouth parts (except in females of some horn tails 

 and sawflies which can be recognized by an ovipositor 

 made up of two small saws or three horny projections 

 at the posterior end of the abdomen). When the 

 antennae are long, the ends rest against the ventral 

 surface of the thorax between the legs. Body usually 

 strongly constricted between the thorax and abdomen. 

 (Comstock, 599; Lutz, 406.) 



Order Hymenoptera, in part 



