MILLIPEDES 37 



1928). The youngest larvae have three pairs of legs, the next stage 

 usually seven, and at each subsequent moult some four more seg- 

 ments each with eight pairs of legs are added on. The time re- 

 quired for moulting increases with each succeeding ecdysis from 

 a few hours for the first to several weeks for the last. 



Verhoeff (1933b, 1939) has shown that in some species of lulid 

 millipedes that live in cold climates the mature males may regress 

 to an interpolated intercalary form lacking the highly differentiated 

 gonopods of the mature animal. In the life of an individual there 

 may be as many as four periods of sexual maturity alternating with 

 three interpolated stages. During the interpolated period, growth 

 continues with an increase in the number of segmental glands. 

 This cycle is related to season, functional males appearing in late 

 winter and the interpolated forms in summer. It is a method of 

 prolonging life through dry or cold seasons, and enables adult 

 males to live for two or more years. The activity of the testis 

 automatically declines at the onset of the moult which initiates the 

 interpolated stage and this appears to be correlated with the fact 

 that the complicated gonopods are moulted only with great 

 difficulty. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 

 Identification 

 Attems, G. (1937) Myriapoda 3, Polydesmoidea 1. Das Tierreich, 68, 



1-300. 



(1938) Idem. 2, Ibid., 69, 1-487. 



(1940) Idem. 3, Ibid., 70, 1-577. 



Blower, G. (1952) British millipedes with special reference to Yorkshire 



species. Naturalist, 1952, 145-57. 

 Brolemann, H. W. (1935) Myriapodes. Diplopodes-Chilognathes 1. 



Faune de France, No. 29, 1-369, Paris. 

 Chamberlin, R. V. (1943) On Mexican millipedes. Bull. Univ. Utah., 34, 



(7), 1-103. 

 Lang, J. (1954) Mnohonozky— Diplopoda. Fauna C.S.R., 2, 1-183. 

 Latzel, R. (1884) Die Myriopoden der Oesterreichs-Ungarischen Monar- 

 chic, II. Die Symphylen, Pauropoden und Diplopoden. Wien. 

 LoHMANDER, H. (1925) Sveriges Diplopoder. Gdteb. Kongl. Vet. HandL, 



30,(2), 1-115. 

 ScHUBART, O. (1934) Tausendfussler oder Myriapoda, 1. Diplopoda. 



Tieriv.Deuts.,2&,\-?>n. 



