Plate XYa. Argiope bruemiichi female on web. Left, ventral; right, 

 dorsal view. The narrow ribbons of silk or stabilimentum help to camou- 

 flage the spider. {Photos: J. L. Cloudsley-Thompson.) 



Plate XV6. Brow^n tick {Rhipicephalus appendicidatus). IVlale left; female 

 right. (Shell photograph.) 



