112 FALSE-SCORPIONS 



they are almost fully coloured; that is to say, within ten or twelve 

 days. Pairing may occur within about a fortnight of the final 

 moult. 



According to Vachon (1947b) the different instars of false- 

 scorpions can be recognised as follows: the protonymph always has 

 four trichobothria (or long sensory hairs) on the chelae of the pedi- 

 palps (one on the movable finger, three on the fixed finger), the 

 deutonymph has eight (two on the movable finger, six on the 

 fixed), the tritonymph has ten (three on the movable finger, seven 

 on the fixed) while the adult has twelve trichobothria (four on the 

 mobile finger and eight on the fixed finger). This rule holds good 

 for all species in which the adult has twelve trichobothria on each 

 of its claws. 



In Cherries cimicoides females produce their eggs in the summer, 

 but young may be found throughout the year. The larval stages 

 are passed through in the autumn and the young usually hibernate 

 before or after their second moult. They reappear the following 

 spring and the final moult takes place in early summer, the entire 

 life cycle lasting for a year. Levi (1948) found that in Wisconsin 

 the life cycle of Chelifer cancroides also occupies a year, but Vachon 

 (1938) found that in France the same species took two years to 

 reach maturity. A pseudoscorpion has been known to live in cap- 

 tivity for approximately 3 J years (Strebel, 1937). 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 

 Identification 



Beier, M. (1932) Pseudoscorpionidea. Das Tierreich, 57, 1-258; 58, 1-294. 

 Chamberlin, J. C. (1931) The Arachnid order Chelonethida. Publ. 



Stanf. Univ. (Biol.), 7, 1-284. 

 Evans, G. O. and Browning, E. (1954) Synopses of the British Fauna, 



No. 10 — Pseudoscorpiones. London: Linn. Soc. 

 Kew, H. W. (1911) A synopsis of the false-scorpions of Britain and 



Ireland. Proc. R. Irish Acad. (B), 29, 38-64. 



(1916) Idem. Supplement. Ibid. (B), 33, 71-85. 



Roewer, C. F. (1937-40) Chelonethi oder Pseudoskorpione in H. G. 



Bronn's Klass. Ordn. Tierreichs, 5, IV (6), 1-354. 



Biology 



Beier, M. (1948) Phoresie und Phagophilie bei Pseudoscorpionen. Ost. 

 Zoo/. Z., 1,441-97. 



