128 



WHIP-SCORPIONS AND OTHERS 



outline to some of the contiguous eggs. The contents of the sac 

 are not arranged in regular rows, either longitudinally or trans- 

 versely, but in the South African Damon variegatus are two layers 

 deep (Lawrence, 1949). 



According to Graveley (1915) all the Indian and Ceylonese 

 species appear to breed at about the same time of year. The 

 embryos are carried under the abdomen where they are supported 

 by a membrane secreted for the purpose. The number of eggs 

 varies from 15 to 60 or more. Charinides hengalensis breeds in 

 July and August and sometimes earlier. The newly hatched young 

 are entirely white: like young scorpions they cling to the dorsal 

 surface and the sides of the abdomen of their mother until after 

 their first moult. Immediately after the first moult the carapace is 

 a little over 1 mm in width, but during the first year its width is 

 doubled. During the second year it increases to about 2-5 mm and 

 during the third to 3 mm or more. The adult size is approximately 

 3-5 mm. 



Fig. 30 Ricinulei. (After Berland, 1955, and Millot, 1949.) 



Order ricinulei 

 The Ricinulei or Podogonata are small Arachnids, 4 to 10 mm 

 in length with a short massive body and a remarkably hard, thick 

 and deeply granulated integument. The prosoma is covered by a 



