146 HARVEST-SPIDERS 



opment is completed after a constant number of ecdyses of which 

 the first again takes place immediately after hatching. In Anelas- 

 mocephalus cambridgei and the Trogidus spp. there are five and six 

 moults respectively. The animals do not moult after reaching 

 maturity which in A. cambridgei is reached in one to two months 

 and takes four to five months in Trogulus spp., although the adults 

 may continue to live for another two years or more (Pabst, 1953). 



Three types of life cycle can be recognised in the British Opi- 

 liones. The Trogulidae and Nemastomidae, which live in sheltered 

 habitats, can be found both as young and adults throughout the 

 year. Then there are the species that pass the winter as eggs and 

 mature at the end of the following summer, such as Oligolophus 

 and Odiellus spp. Finally a few, such as Platybunus triangularis and 

 Megabunus diadema, mature in early summer and lay eggs from 

 which hatch young that spend the following winter in an immature 

 stage (Sankey, 1949b; Todd, 1949). 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 

 Identification 

 FoRSTER, R. R. (1954) The New Zealand Harvestmen (sub-order Lania- 



tores). Canterbury Mus. BidL, No. 2, 1-329. 

 KASTNER, A. (1928) Spinnentiere oder Arachnoidea III. Opiliones in 



Dahl, F. Tierzv. Deuts., 8, 1-51. 

 Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1890) Monograph of the British Phalangidea or 



harvestmen. Proc. Dorset Field Club., 11, 163-216. 

 Roewer, C. F. (1923) Die Weberknechte der Erde, Jena (with several 



supplements). 

 Savory, T. H. (1948) Synopses of the British Fauna. No. 1. Opiliones 



(Arachnida) or Harvestmen. 2nd Ed. London: Linn. Soc. 

 Simon, E. (1879) Les Arachnides de France, Paris, 7, 1 16-332. 

 Todd, V. (1948) Key to the determination of the British harvestmen 



(Arachnida, Opiliones). Ent. Mon. Mag., 84, 109-13. 



Biology 



Bishop, S. C. (1949a) The function of the spur on the femur of the palpus 



of the male Leiobunum calcar (Wood) (Arachnida: Phalangida). Ent. 



News Philad, 60yl0-n. 

 (1949b) The Phalangida (Opiliones) of New York. Proc. Rochester 



Acad. Set., 9, 159-235. 

 Bristow^, W. S. (1949) The distribution of harvestmen (Phalangida) in 



Great Britain and Ireland, with notes on their names, enemies and food. 



y. Anim. EcoL. 18. 100-14. 



