PRINCIPAL SYSTEMS OF ZOOLOGY 239 



CLASSIFICATION OF FITZINGER 



This diagram is extracted from Fitzinger's Systema Reptilium (Vienna, 1843). 



I. Provincia. Evertebrata. 



Animalia systematum anatomicorura vegetativorum gradum evolutionis exhibentia. 



A. Gradus evolutionis systematum physiologicorum vegetativorum. 



I. Circulus. Gastrozoa. Evolutio systematis nutritionis. 

 a. Evolutio prsvalens b. Evolutio pnevalens c. Evolutio prasvalens 



systematis digestionis. systematis circula- systematis respira- 



tionis. tionis. 



Cl. 1. Infusoria. Cl. 2. Zoophyta. Cl. 3. Acalephae. 



II. Circulus. Physiozoa. Evolutio systematis generationis. 

 Cl. 4. Vermes. Cl. 5. Radiata. Cl. 6. Annulata. 



B. Gradus evolutionis systematum physiologicorum aniraalium. 



III. Circulus. Dermatozoa. Evolutio systematis sensibilitatis. 

 Cl. 7. Acephala. Cl. 8. Cephalopoda. Cl. 9. MoUusca. 



IV. Circulus. Arthrozoa. Evolutio systematis motus. 

 Cl. 10. Crustacea. Cl. II. Arachnoidea. Cl. 12. Insecta. 



II. Provincia. Vertebrata. 



Animalia systematum anatomicorum animalium gradum evolutionis exhibentia. 



A. Gradus evolutionis systematum physiologicorum vegetativorum. 



a. Evolutio systematis nutritionis, simulque ossium: . Cl. 13. Pisces. 

 c. Evolutio systematis sensibilitatis, simulque nervorum: Cl. 14. Reptilia. 



B. Gradus evolutionis systematum physiologicorum animalium. 



c. Evolutio systematis sensibilitatis, simulque nervorum: Cl. 15. Aves. 



d. Evolutio systematis motus, simulque sensuum: . . Cl. 16. Mammalia. 



The fundamental idea of the classification of Fitzinger is the same 

 as that upon which Oken has based his system. The higher divisions, 

 called by him provinces, grades, and cycles, as well as the classes and 

 orders, are considered as representing either some combination of 

 different systems of organs, or some particular system of organs, or 

 some special organ. His two highest groups (provinces) are the l.\ cr- 

 tebrata and Vertebrata. The Evertebrata represent the systems of 

 the vegetative organs and the Vertebrata those of the animal organs, 

 as the Gut animals and the Flesh-animals of Oken. Instead, however, 

 of adopting, like Oken, anatomical names for his divisions, Fitzinger 

 employs those most generally in use. His subdivisions or grades of 

 these two primary groups are based upon a repetition of the same 

 differences, within their respective limits. The Invertebrata, in which 

 the vegetative organs prevail, are contrasted with those in which the 



