INDEX 



267 



Rhizopoda, 200 



Roesel, August J. von Rosenhof, 144 



Ruminantia, 46-47 



Saint-Ange, G. J. Martin, publication of, 

 86nlll 



Sars, Michael: publication of, 91nll9; men- 

 tioned, 91, 93, 200 



Saurians, 49 



Sauroid fishes, 117 



Saussure, Horace Bent^dict de, 122 



Scaliger, Julius Caesar: publication of, 

 209nl7 



Schelling, Friedrich, 235 



Schmarda, L. K.: publication of, 16n22; 

 mentioned, 37 



Schouw, Joachim: publication of, 16n22; 

 mentioned, 37 



Schultze, Maximillian S., publication of, 

 201n5 



Scincoids, 49-52 



Selachians, 83n 108, 207 



Serial development: denied in nature, 27- 

 33 passim, 87, 104-105, 117-119; in clas- 

 sification, 214, 235; opposed by Cuvier, 

 216, 218; Lamarck on, 219-220; de Blain- 

 ville on, 221; von Baer on, 250-251. 

 See also Animals; Classification; Geol- 

 ogy' ; Physical agents 



Siebold, Carl von, 93, 199, 234, 235 



Siebold, Carl von and Stannius, Her- 

 mann; publications of, 30n42, 232; clas- 

 sification of, 232-233 



Smeathman, Henry M., 144 



Species: permanence of, 4, 16, 25, 58-65, 

 91-93, 101-104, 175-176, 178; variation 

 in, 4-5, 66-67, 123-124, 178-179; char- 

 acteristics and definition of, 7-8, 39, 55, 

 58-60, 61, 66-67, 89, 154, 158, 161-163, 

 171-179 passim, 183, 185-186, 195; geo- 

 graphical distribution of, 34, 38-39, 

 42-43, 44-46, 177; origin of, 44-45, 64, 

 102-103, 173-175; European and Amer- 

 ican forms compared, 45; Cuvier on, 

 58-60, 218; allied forms in successive 

 formations, 62-63; and individuals, 73, 

 173, 175, 176; classification of, 142, 143, 

 158, 171-179; generic characters of, 169; 

 sexual relations of, 171-175; relation to 

 environment, 177; development of, 178; 

 homology in, 188; analogy in, 192-193; 

 Aristotle on, 208-209; Linnaeus on, 210, 

 211, 217. See also Animals; Classifica- 

 tion; Geographical distribution; Natural 

 groups; Variation 



Spix, Johann B.: publications of, 25n32, 



87nll4; mentioned, 236 

 Stannius, Hermann. See Siebold, Carl von 



and Stannius, Hermann 

 Steenstrup, Johann: publication of, 91n- 



119; mentioned, 93 

 Sterelmintha, 229 

 Sub-branches, 231-232 

 Sub-classes, 180 

 Subdivisions, 181 

 Sub-families, 180 

 Sub-genera, 180 

 Sub-kingdoms, 181, 220-221 

 Sub-orders, 180 

 Sub-province, 227 

 Sub-types, 181,226 

 Swainson, William, 242-244 

 Synthetic types, 11&-117 



Taxonomy. See Classification 



Thompson, John W., publication of, 86n- 

 111 



Trembley, Abraham, 144 



Tschudi, Johann J. von, publication of, 

 52n70 



Tunicata, 218 



Turtles, 185 



Types: characteristics of, 7-8, 18-20; simul- 

 taneous existence of, 26-29; deficiencies 

 of term, 147; de Blainville on, 220-221, 

 Burmeister on, 226. See also Branches 



United States Exploring Expedition, 40, 48 



Variation: under domestication, 55n72, 63, 

 64, 171-172; limits of, 55n72, 66; and 

 Divine thought, 64; Linnasus on, 211. 

 See also Animals; Species 



Vertebrata: plan of, 20; homology in, 21, 

 22, 153-154; embryology of, 22, 83-84, 

 141nl, 184, 204; classification of, 31-33, 

 83-84, 105, 108-109, 140-141, 206-207; 

 geographical distribution of, 34-35, 39, 

 42-43; limitation of, 96, 206; Oken on, 

 160; analog)' in, 189-190, 193-194; Cuvier 

 on, 216; Lamarck on, 219; mentioned, 6, 

 26, 70, 108, 197, 199, 204, 214, 225, 228, 

 237, 249, 255. See also Animals; Classi- 

 fication; Mammalia 



Vertebrate type, 249-250 



Viviparous animals, 77, 88nll7 



Vogt, Carl: publication of, 199n3; classi- 

 fication of, 198-200. 203, 204, 255-257 



