LAEVAL FORMS OF COLEOPTERA 



0. ^Median epicranial snture present ; tenth abdominal seoment 

 Avell developed, usually about as large or larger than the 

 well-developed ninth abdominal segment, sometimes fused 

 with it dorsally, when shorter than ninth provided -with a 

 ])air of large anal pads; spiracles cribriform^- and all lateral. 



Scarahaeoidea (p. 51) 

 Median epicranial suture absent, frons reaching to the occipital 

 foramen ; tenth abdominal segment much smaller than the 

 well-developed ninth and always without anal pads, or 

 both ninth and tenth vestigial; spiracles either cribriform 

 and all lateral, or not cribriform and the eighth abdominal 

 pair terminal DasciUoidea (p. 43) 



10. Gular region or median gular suture present or absent ; when 



absent, with mandibles having mola or prostheca or ex- 

 traordinary structures''^ except a pseudomola 11 



Gular region or gular suture absent ; subfacial region of head 

 and ventral region of prothorax contiguous ; mandible 

 with pseudomola or with no mola, except in Platystomoidea 

 and Lymexyloidea. (Cardo never completely absent and 

 never distinctly exceeding stipes in size; mala when di- 

 vided having a lobe-.shaped galea ; paired urogoniphi usually 

 absent) 19 



11. ]\laxillary articulating area either large or indistinct; when 



indistinct, mandible with mola, except in Catogenidae, 



Epilachninae and Lamiinae'* 12 



Maxillar.v articulating area absent, or very small, or concealed 

 by mentum, not large and cushioned; mandible without 

 molar part 13 



12. Maxillary mala divided into a well-developed lacinia and a 



finger-shaped, one- or two-jointed galea ; mandible without a 

 distinct molar part but with a longitudinal series of hairs at 

 the base. (Hypopharynx membranous) i>)/rr/(o/f/frt (p. 43) 



'- Except in some species of Trox in which the spiracles are 

 biforous (pi. 87). 



'■' The gular region is completely absent in the cerambycoid 

 subfamily Disteniinae having simple mandibles without mola, in 

 some geiu'ra of Lampyridae with perforate mandibles, of Phala- 

 cridae without cardo, of Byrrhidae with mala divided into a jointed, 

 finger-shai)ed galea and prominent lacinia, and in a few others. 



" The maxillary articulating area is indistinct in some Nitidu- 

 lidai", Laemophloeidae, Smicripidae, and Lamiinae through fusion 

 with or loss of cardo (pis. 31, 35-38). In some Phalacridae and in 

 the Catogenidae the cardines, the maxillary articulating areas, the 

 submentum, and the gular area are fused more or less completely 

 into one large subfacial membranous region between the diverging 

 liyi)ostonuU rods (pi. 33, 34). 



12 



