LARVAL FORMS OF COLEOPTERA 



Heack'ai)sul(' and in()utli])arts sli«ilitly reduced or entirely 

 normal 8 



7. Legs short but with normal joints 



Throsridae'"' (pi. 81 A-D) 



Leg's vestigial or absent Melanidae {=Encnemidae) (pi. 



81 H-Q) 



8. Giilar area ■\vell-develoi)ed and quadrangular 9 



Gular area small and indistinct, or represented only by a 



median, long or short gular suture 10 



9. Larva strongly sclerotized ; dorsal and ventral prothoraeie 



seleromes united into a solid cylinder ; cervical membrane 

 ver}' large and eversible forming a balloon-shaped sack be- 

 low the head when raised ...Cehrionidae (including former 



family Plastoceridae''*) (pi. 



79 I-P) 

 Larva white and soft-skinned; dorsal and ventral prothoraeie 

 parts not forming a cylinder ; cervical membrane not ever- 

 sible. (Antenna and labial palpus one-jointed; legs small 

 and three-jointed). (Parasitic in immature stages of 

 cicadas) Sandalidae^^ (pi. 82 A-G) 



10. Abdomen entirely soft-skinned ; typical abdominal segments 



transversely divided into three, ring-shaped portions of al- 

 most equal length ; median portion subglobular. bearing 

 ampullae and spiracles. (Tenth abdominal segment with 

 three digitate or palmate and retractile appendices ; mandi- 

 ble deeply cleft into a dorsal, dentate, and a ventral, simple 



part) Elateridoe - Cardiophorinae (pi. 



83 A-0) 

 Abdomen completely or partially sclerotized; abdominal seg- 

 ments not divided into three ring-shaped portions of almost 

 equal length 11 



11. Ninth abdominal segment in front of terminal urogomphi with 



a pair of dorsal, distantly placed, curved prongs with con- 

 cavities facing either toward each other (Drapetes) or back- 

 ward and downward (Oestodcs). (Nasale bilobed ; frons 

 broadly attaining the occipital foramen) '''' 



Elateridae - Oestudinae (pi. 83 

 P-Y) 

 "* Hyslop, J. A., Proc. Ent. Soc. AVash., vol. 25, 1923, pp. 156- 

 160, one plate. 



'^^ The familv is distinctlv different from the familv Rhipiceridae. 

 Craighead, F. C, Proc." Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 23", 1921, pp. 44- 

 48, one plate. 



Emden, P. von, 3 AVanderversannulung deutseher p]ntomologen 

 in G lessen, 1929, p. 115. 



*^® Drapetes is usually placed in the family Throscidae. An 

 unidentified elateroid larva, found in a decayed red oak log from 



50 



