LARVAL FORMS OF COLEOPTERA 



Coxa distinct, femur and tibia apparently fused but forming 

 an angle -witli each other; claw minute (no terminal seta) 



Scarahaeidae - Coprinae, part 

 three (Copris) 



14. Raster Avith a longitudinal series of strong, simply pointed or 



tricuspidate spines on each side of middle line 



Scarahaeidae - Aphodiinae, part 

 one (Aphodius riifipes group) 

 Raster without paramedian series of spines 



Scarahaeidae - Apliodiinae, part 

 two {Aphodius fossor group) 



15. ClaAv very long and pointed, longer than tibia ; head flat above ; 



body woolly ; anus transverse 



Scarahaeidae - Gl a p h y r i n a e 

 {Lichnanthe) 

 Claw moderately long, shorter than tibia ; head convex above ; 

 dorsal areas densely beset with short, strong, dark setae ; 

 anus angulate Scarahaeidae-Pleocominae 



16. Anus obtusely or acutely angulate, usually V- or Y-shaped 



(pi. 88 H). (Mandibular stridulating area without distinct 

 outline and formed by minute granulations (pi. 88 J) ; some- 

 times entirely absent) 17 



Anus transverse, not angulate (pi. 88 C). (Mandibular stridu- 

 lating area oval and formed bv transverse striae ; absent in 

 Valgus) ^ 21 



17. Raster with two longitudinal rows of pointed setae 



Scarahae i dae - Melolon th inae- 

 Melolonthini 

 Raster without tAvo longitudinal roAvs of pointed setae 18 



18. Raster Avitli transversely arranged setae 19 



Raster Avith setae placed Avithout order 20 



19. Setae arranged in a transverse mustachelike patch 



Scarahaeidae - Melolonthinae- 

 Diplotaxini 

 Setae spinelike, arranged in a single transverse, curved roAV 



Scarahaeidae-Sericinae (pi. 88 

 H-L, N) 



20. With large patch of closely set asperities on each side of raster 



Scarahaeidae - Macrodact xjlinae - 

 Dichelonycini 

 Without patch of asperities on each side of raster 



Scarahaeidae - Macrodact\)linae - 

 Hopliini {Macrodactylus and 

 Hoplia) 



21. Epipharynx Avithout a curved single roAv of small spines 



parallel Avith and behind the median part of the anterior 



53 



