INDEX 



Tapinoma nigerrimum, 158 



Taste, sense of, 19 



Temperature: of humble bees' nest, 

 87; of insects' bodies, 20; perception 

 of, 19; of Polistes' nest, 64; of wasps' 

 nests, 50 



Temporary social parasitism, 138 



Termites: ants as enemies, 125; castes, 

 179-84; caste determination, 184-7; 

 digestion, 176; effects on vegetation, 

 178-9; egg production, 179-80; 

 food, 174-7; growth of colonies, 

 187-9; longevity of colonies and 

 queens, 188; nests, 170; number of 

 individuals in colony, 189; origin of 

 social behaviour, 203; as pests, 177- 

 8; sex determination, 180; wasps as 

 enemies, 174 



Territorial system, 194 



Tetramorium, 165 



Thorpe, 31 



Tinbergen, 27, 29 



Tracks: of ants, 148; of harvesting ants, 

 131 



Trapnell, 178 



Trial and error learning, 28 



Trigona, 96 / 



Trophic theories of caste differentia- 

 tion, 140, 185 



Trumpeter bee, 87 



Wasp, German (Vespula germanica), 

 nest usurped by common wasp, 



156 



Wasps: British species, 45; colony 



foundation, 46; deserting nest when 

 moved, 32; destruction of colonies, 

 49; division of labour, 52; as enemies 

 of termites, 174; food, 47, 50; grubs, 

 secretion of fluid by, 51; males, 52; 

 nocturnal, 58; queens, 45, old 

 queens, 48, numbers produced, 53; 

 queen cells, 52; temperature of nests, 

 50; treatment of brood, 51, des- 

 truction of, 54; types of social 

 organisation, 72-4; varieties of, 41; 

 wasp years, 55; worker caste, 45; egg 

 laying by, 55 



Water: collected by honey bee, no; 

 dependence of insects on, 21; 

 Polistes using, 64 



Wax, 85 



Way-finding, 29; in Ammophila, 31; in 

 Anoplius, 31; in ants, 147-9; in 

 Philanthus, 29 



Wells, H. G., 208 



Wesson, 142 



Weyrauch, 52, 53, 62, 153, 156 



White ants: see Termites 



Whiting, 145 



Wiggles worth, 22 



Wodsedalek, 24 



Wood ant: see Formica rufa 



Wood damaged by termites, 177-8 



Workers laying eggs: in honey bee, 

 105; in Polistes, 60 



Vespula, 45, 56; V. austriaca, 152-3; V. 



germanica, see Wasp, German; V. 



vulgaris, see Wasp, Common 

 Vision in insects, 17 



Yellow ant: see Lasius flavus 



W 

 Waloff, 90 



Wasp, Common (Vespula vulgaris), 

 size of colony, 49 



Zimmermann, 121 

 Zootermopsis, 182, 185 



219 



