So THE STUDY OF INSECTS 



CC. Tarsi usually three-jointed, except in the pigmy mole-crickets where they 



arc reduced; ovipositor, when exserted, forming a nearly cylindrical, straight, 



or occasionally upcurved needle, except in the Trigonidiinae. p. 53 . . . Gryllid^e 



BB. Antennae short; tarsi three-jointed; organs of hearing situated in the first 



abdominal segment; ovipositor short, with its parts separate, p. 56 



_■ Locustid^: 



A.\. Hind femora closely resembling those of the other legs, and scarcely if at all 



stouter or longer than the other femora, i.e., not fitted for jumping; organs of 



flight in a normal position when immature; stridulating organs not developed. 



B. Body elongate; head free; pronotum elongate; legs slender, rounded; cerci 



jointed or without joints; walking insects. 



C. Front legs simple; cerci without joints, p. 58 Phasmid/E 



CC. Front legs fitted for grasping; cerci jointed, p. 59 Mantid/E 



BB. Body oval, depressed; head wholly or almost wholly withdrawn beneath the 

 pronotum; pronotum shield-like, transverse; legs compressed; cerci jointed; 

 rapidly running insects, p. 60 Blattid/E 



Family Tettigoniid^; 



The Long-homed Grasshoppers 



This family has usually been given the name Locustidag, but this 

 name should be used for the family of short-horned grasshoppers or 

 locusts. The members of this family are among the most attractive in 

 appearance of the Orthoptera. In many of them the wings are graceful 

 in form and delicate in color, and the antennae are exceedingly long and 

 slender, looking more like ornaments than like organs of practical use. 

 The tarsi are four-segmented and the ovipositor is sword-shaped. 



These beautiful creatures are much less frequently seen than are the 

 crickets and locusts because of their protective green color, which renders 

 them inconspicuous in their haunts among foliage or on the blades of 

 grass. Their presence is most often indicated by the chirping of the 

 males. 



Any one that is in the habit of lying in the tall grass of meadows or 

 pastures and watching the insects that can be seen there is sure to be 



familiar with certain green grass- 

 hoppers, which attract attention by 

 the extreme delicacy and great 

 length of their antennas. The 

 antennas are much more slender 

 than with the short -horned grass- 

 hoppers or locusts, and much longer, 

 exceeding the body in length. The 

 tarsi are four-jointed. The ear- 

 like organs, when present, are situ- 

 ated near the base of the fore tibiae 

 (Fig. 80), and the ovipositor is 

 sword-shaped. 



In those species of this family 

 „ „ _ r , ,. , , in which the wings are well de- 



ric. 80. — Leg of katydid, showing car-like organ. 1 -. c -, ,1 1 ■ • j„ j 



vol oped we find the males provided 

 with an elaborate musical apparatus by means of which they call their 

 mates. This consists of a peculiar arrangement of the veins and cells of a 

 portion of each wing-cover near its base. This arrangement differs in the 

 different species ; but in each it is such that by rubbing the wing-covers 



