120 



THE STUDY OF INSECTS 



Fig. igg. — Chionaspis furfura: i , scales on pear, natural size; ia, scale of male, ib, adult 

 male, ic, scale of female, enlarged. 



on the inner margin of the fore wing of the same side; in a few species 

 there are two or three or more of these hamuli. 



The legs are wanting in many adult females, having been lost during 

 the metamorphosis. In adult males they are of ordinary form; except 

 in a few species, the tarsi are one-jointed, and each is furnished with a 

 single claw. 



The caudal end of the abdomen of the male usually bears a slender 

 tubular process, the stylus. 



The female coccid is always wingless, and the body is either scale- 

 like or gall-like in form, or grub-like and clothed with wax. The waxy 

 covering may be in the form of powder, of large tufts or plates, of a con- 

 tinuous layer, or of a thin scale, beneath which the insect lives. The 

 antennas in many species are entirely wanting in the adult females. 



The mouth-parts of the adult males are lacking and they do not take 

 food. In the case of the females of the more common species the maxil- 

 lary and mandibular seta? are long and well developed for penetrating 

 the tissues of plants. 



THE MOTILE COCCIDS 



We usually think of scale insects as fixed on a host-plant and unable 

 to move about. There are, however, several subfamilies of coccids, the 

 members of which are so generalized that the nymphs and adults possess 



