202 



THE STUDY OF INSECTS 



body. She then works her shrunken body out of the bag, drops to the 

 ground, and perishes. The eggs remain in the pupa skin in the sac till 

 the following spring. 



Family Tischeriid^e 



Nearly all of our species belong to the genus, Tischeria. The end of 

 each narrow front wing is prolonged into a point; the hind wings are 

 long and narrow with few veins. The larvae lack thoracic legs and most 

 of them make blotch mines in the leaves of oak; but some infest the 

 apple, blackberry, and raspberry. 



The trumpet-leaf miner of apple, Tischeria malifoliella. — This species 

 infests the leaves of apple over the eastern half of the United States and 

 Canada, and sometimes does serious injury. The larva makes a trumpet- 

 shaped mine just beneath the epidermis on the upper side of the leaf; the 

 first half of the mine is usually crossed by crescent-shaped stripes of 

 white. There are two generations annually in the North, and several in 

 the South. The larvae pupate in their mines. The larvae of the last 

 generation line their mines with silk and pass the winter in them. They 

 transform to pupae in the spring and emerge as adults eight or ten davs 

 later. The adult moth expands about \ of an inch; it has shining dark 

 brown front wings, tinged with purplish and dusted with pale yellowish 

 scales. 



Family Lyonetiid^; 



These are small moths with very narrow wings, the hind wings often 

 linear. The larvae are leaf-miners at first and then 

 usually feed on the surface of the foliage. 



The morning-glory leaf-miner, Bedellia somnulentclla. 

 — The young larva makes a serpentine mine with a 

 central line of frass ; later it leaves this mine and makes 

 a blotch mine. The pupa is naked, and fixed by the 

 caudal end to some cross-threads on the underside of 

 the leaf. The adult is yellow and expands about § of 

 an inch. 



The apple bucculatrix, Bucculdirix pomifoliella. — 

 The larva of this species infests the leaves of apple, 

 and when full-grown it makes a small white cocoon 

 which is attached to the lower surface of a twig. 

 These cocoons sometimes occur in great numbers, side 

 by side, on the twigs of an infested tree (Fig. 350). 

 They are easily recognized by their shape, being slender 

 and ribbed lengthwise. It is these cocoons that usually 

 first reveal the presence of the pest in an orchard. They 

 arc very conspicuous during the winter, when the 

 leaves are off the trees. At this time each cocoon 

 contains a pupa. The adult moth emerges in early 

 spring. The eggs are laid on the lower surface of the 

 leaves. The tiny caterpillar burrows into the leaf and 



mines in it for about eight days. It then comes out and feeds openly on 



the leaf for the rest of its life. 



1 i'. (so < '"> oons 

 of Bucculatrix pomifo- 

 liella. 



