LEPIDOPTERA 



205 



The cigar case-bearer, Colebphora fletcherella. — This species, like the 

 preceding one, is a pest of apple and other fruit trees, and resembles that 

 species to a considerable extent in habits. In this species the young 

 larvae are miners in the leaves for two or 

 three weeks before making their cases. 

 The case (Fig. 354) is composed of frag- 

 ments of leaves fastened together by silk. 



Family (Ecophoridve 



The wings of these moths are fairly 

 broad, sometimes amply so. The labial 

 palpi are well-developed and generally 

 curved upward. 



The larvae have sixteen legs ; they are 

 often prettily marked with dark tubercles on whitish or yellowish ground. 

 The different species vary in their habits; the majority of them either 

 live in webbed-together leaves or blossoms or feed in decayed wood ; one 

 species, Endrosis lacteella, is a stored-food pest in California and in Europe. 



The parsnip webworm, Depressdria heraclidna, is a common pest on 

 parsnip. The larvae of this species web together and devour the unfolding 

 blossom-heads of parsnip, celery, and wild carrot. After the larvae have 

 consumed the flowers and unripe seeds and become nearly full-grown, 

 they burrow into the hollow stems and feed upon the soft lining of the 

 interior. Here inside the hollow stem they change to pupae. The moths 

 appear in late July and early August, and soon go into hibernation in 

 sheltered places. 



Fig. 354. ■ — Cases of cigar case-bearer. 

 (After Hammar.) 



Family Gelechiid^; 



This is a very large family of small moths. 



The larvae vary greatly in habits; some are leaf -miners; but more 

 feed in rolled or spun together leaves or in stems or seed heads; and one 

 is a serious pest of stored grain. 



The Angoumois grain-moth, Sitotroga cerealella. — The larva of this 

 moth feeds upon seeds, and especially upon stored grain. It occurs 

 throughout our country; but it is especially destructive in the Southern 

 States. In that part of the country it is extremely difficult to keep grain 

 long on account of this pest and certain beetles that also feed on stored 

 grain. The adult moth is of a very light grayish-brown color, more or 

 less spotted with black; it expands about \ inch. The common name is 

 derived from the fact that it has been very destructive in the province of 

 Angoumois, France. 



The peach twig-borer, Andrsia lineatella. — ■ This pest is generally 

 distributed throughout the United States and Canada, and sometimes it 

 destroys a large part of the crop in some localities. The young larva? 

 hibernate in small cavities which they excavate in the bark of young 

 twigs. In the spring the larvae burrow into the tender shoots; the leaves 

 of the buds unfold and then wither. There are several generations an- 

 nually. The summer generations attack both twigs and fruit. 



The potato-tuber moth, Phthorim&a opercntfllQ, — This is a cosmo- 



