LEPIDOPTERA 211 



wings of the moths are bright ochre-yellow; the front pair marked with 

 irregular brownish spots and numerous transverse bands of leaden blue 

 (Fig. 363, female). 



The fruit-tree leaf -roller, ,4 rc/z//?s argyrospila. — This 

 is one of the most destructive of the leaf -rollers infesting 

 fruit-trees. It is a very general feeder attacking both 

 fruit and forest-trees. The eggs are laid on the bark of 

 the twigs in Tune. The larvae hatch about May 1st of fig. 363. — ArMpscera- 



,, ri1 . j ,1 • -u j 1 sivorana, female. 



the following year and enter the opening buds, where 

 they roll and fasten the leaves loosely together with silken threads. After 

 the fruits set, they are often ruined by the caterpillars eating large irreg- 

 ular holes in them. 



The pine-leaf tube-builder, Eulia pinatubdna. — One of the most in- 

 teresting of tortricid nests occurs commonly on white pine. Each nest 

 consists of from six to fifteen leaves drawn together so as to form a tube, 

 and is lined with silk. This tube serves as a protection to the larva, 

 which comes out from it to feed upon the ends of the leaves of which 

 the tube is composed; in this way the tube is shortened. The moth 

 expands | inch. Its head, thorax, and fore wings are of a dull rust-red 

 color, with two oblique paler bands crossing the fore wings, one a little 

 before the middle, the other a little beyond and parallel with it. 



The codling-moth, Carpocdpsa pomonella. — This is 

 the best known and probably the most important insect 

 enemy of the apple. The larva is the worm found feed- 

 ing near the core of wormy apples. The adult (Fig. 364) 

 fig. 36^ — Car- is a beautiful little creature with finely mottled pale gray 

 pocapsa pomoneiia. f ore w i n g S . There is a large brownish spot near the end of 

 the fore wing, and upon this spot irregular, golden bands. The moth issues 

 from the pupa state in late spring and lays its eggs singly on the surface 

 of the fruit or on adjacent leaves. As soon as the larva hatches it burrows 

 into the apple and eats its way to the core, usually causing the fruit to 

 fall prematurely. When full-grown the larva burrows out through the side 

 of the fruit, and undergoes its transformations within a cocoon, under the 

 rough bark of the tree, or in some other protected place. The larvae 

 winter in their cocoons transforming to pupae during early spring. 



The bud-moth, Tmetocera ocelldna. — The larva of this insect is a pest 

 infesting apple-trees. It works in opening fruit-buds and leaf -buds, often 

 eating into them, especially the terminal ones, so that all new growth is 

 stopped. It also ties the young leaves at the end of a shoot together and 

 lives within the cluster thus formed, adding other leaves when more food 

 is needed. Sometimes so large a proportion of the fruit-buds are de- 

 stroyed as to seriously reduce the amount of the crop. The pupa state 

 is passed within the cluster of tied leaves or within a tube formed by 

 rolling up one side of a leaf, and lasts about ten days. The moth expands 

 about j of an inch; it is of a dark ashen gray, with a large, irregular, 

 whitish band on the fore wing. 



The grape-berry moth, Polychrosis vitedna. — The larva of this moth 

 causes wormy grapes. The moth emerges in the spring from its cocoon 

 on a fallen leaf where it passed the winter. The first generation larvae 

 feed upon the embryo grapes. When full-grown, the larva passes to a 

 leaf and makes a very peculiar cocoon. It cuts a semicircular incision in 

 the leaf, bends over the flap thus made, fastens its free edge to the leaf, 



