2l8 



THE STUDY OF INSECTS 



together. They become full-grown and change to pupae early in June. 

 The pupa is not enclosed in a cocoon, but is fastened to the lower side 

 of a leaf by its tail by means of a few silken threads, in nearly the same 

 way as the chrysalids of certain butterflies are suspended. The pupa 

 state lasts about eight days. 



Family Sphingid^e 



The Hawk-moths or Sphinxes 



Hawk-moths are easily recognized by the form of the body, wings 

 and antenna?. The body is very stout and spindle-shaped; the wings 

 are long, narrow and very strong; the antennae are more or less thickened 

 in the middle or towards the tip. which is frequently curved back in the 

 form of a hook; rarely the antennae are pectinated. The sucking-tube 

 (maxillae) is usually very long, being in some instances twice as long as 



Fig. 376. — Wings of Protoparce quinquemaculata. 



the body; but in one subfamily it is short and membranous. When not 

 in use it is closely coiled like a watch-spring beneath the head. None of 

 the species has ocelli. 



The venation of the wings (Fig. 376) is quite characteristic; the most 

 distinctive feature is the prominence of the basal part of vein Ri of the 

 hind wing, the part that extends from the stem of radius to the subcosta. 

 This free part of vein Ri has the appearance of a cross-vein and is as 

 stout as the other veins. 



