LEPIDOPTERA 



271 



The painted beauty has been commonly known in this country as 

 Vanessa huntera; but Vanessa virginiensis is the older name. 



The cosmopolite, Vanessa cdrdui. — The butterfly resembles the pre- 

 ceding very closely in color and markings. There is however, a smaller 

 proportion of orange markings; and on the lower surface of the hind 

 wings there is a submarginal row of four or five eye-like spots. 



The larva feeds upon Compositae, especially thistles. This species is 

 very remarkable for its wide distribution. Mr. Scudder states " with 

 the exception of the arctic regions 

 and South America it is distributed 

 over the entire extent of every conti- 

 nent." 



The American tortoise-shell, Aglais 

 milberti. — The wings above are brown- 

 ish-black, with a broad orange-fulvous 

 band between the middle and the 

 outer margin. There are two fulvous 

 spots in the discal cell of the front 

 wings (Fig. 469). The larvae feed on nettle (Urtica) and are gregarious 

 in habits. This species occurs in the northern portions of the United 

 States and in Canada. 



The mourning-cloak, Euvanessa antlopa. — The wings above are 

 purplish-brown, with a broad yellow border on the outer margin sprinkled 



Fig. 469. — Aglais milberti. 



Fig. 470. — Euvanessa antiopa. 



with brown, and a submarginal row of blue spots. The upper surface is 

 represented by Figure 470, the lower by Figure 471, 5. 



The larvas live on willow, elm, poplar and Celtis; they are gregarious, 

 and often strip large branches of their leaves. The species is usually 

 two-brooded. " This butterfly is apparently distributed over the entire 

 breadth of the Northern Hemisphere below the Arctic Circle as far as the 

 thirtieth parallel of latitude." {Scudder.) 



The compton tortoise, Eugdnia j-album. — This butterfly (Fig. 472) 

 resembles in its general appearance those of the genus Polygonia, but it is 

 sharply distinguished from them by the inner margin of the fore wings 

 being nearly straight, by the heavier markings of the fore wings, and by 



