LEPIDOPTERA 



277 



The goat-weed butterfly, Anaza andria. — The female of this species 

 can be easily recognized by Figure 478. The male is smaller, with wings 

 of a rich dark orange, margined with brown, and without the light- 



Fig. 478. — Anna andria. 



colored band characteristic of the female. This species is found in the 

 Mississippi Valley from Illinois to Texas. The caterpillar has a large 

 head, small neck and folds a leaf thus closely resembling the larva of a 

 skipper. 



THE MEADOW-BROWNS 



This subfamily includes chiefly brown butterflies whose markings 

 consist almost entirely of eye-like spots. Some western species, however, 

 are bright-colored. In our species some of the veins of the fore wings are 

 greatly swollen at the base. This character is not quite distinctive; for 

 in some species of the preceding groups of the Nymphalidas that are found 

 in southern Florida and in Texas near the Mexican border some of the 

 veins of the fore wings are swollen at the base. 



The larva? are cylindrical, tapering more or less towards each end. 

 The caudal segment is bifurcated, a character that distinguishes them 

 from all other American butterfly larvae excepting those of the emperors, 

 Chlorippe. 



The eyed brown, Satyrodes canthus. — 

 The upper surface of the wings is soft 

 mouse-brown on the basal half and paler 

 beyond, considerably so in the female; each 

 wing bears a row of four or five small black 

 eye-like spots (Fig. 479). This species is 

 found in Ontario, and throughout the east- 

 ern half of the United States in wet places. 

 The larva feeds on swamp grasses ; its head 

 and caudal segment are each adorned with a 

 pair of red cone-shaped tubercles. 



The grayling, Cercyonis alope. - — This species is found from the At- 

 lantic to the Pacific; it occurs under several forms, some of which have 

 been described as distinct species. The most common forms found East 

 of the Rocky Mountains are the first two described below and intergrades 

 between these. The expanse of the wings is from 2 to 2\ inches. The 

 larva feeds on grass. 



Fig. 47g. — Satyrodes canthus. 



