29 



Family Tanyderidae — The Primitive Crane Flies 



Generalized flies of medium size, usually with a handsomely banded 

 wing-pattern. iMouthparts often i)roduced. Antennge with from 15 to 

 25 segments; flagellar segments simple, cylindrical. Eyes with erect 

 setJB between ommatidia; ocelli lacking. Latero-cervical sclerites some- 

 times greatly elongated, short in the local species. Wings with five 

 branches of Radius reaching the margin (*Fig. 11); most genera with 

 one or two supernumerary crossveins in the outer radial or medial 

 fields, these never exceeding two in any one genus, usually with a single 

 such element. Male hypopygium with a single dististyle, usually simple, 

 weakly bifid in the two regional genera. Aedeagus trifid. 



The immature stages occur in sandy soil at margins of major 

 streams, the larva being aquatic or nearly so. 



There are 23 recent species of Tanyderida, distributed in 10 genera, 

 chiefly Australasian in distribution. Two genera with three species 

 occur in North America. 



KEY TO GENERA 



1. A supernumerary crossvein in cell M3 of the wing- (*Fig. 11). 



Protoplasa Osten Sacken 

 Wings without supernumerary crossveins Protanyderus Handlirsch 



The most important recent literature is as follows: 

 Alexander, C. P. 



1919. The crane-fhes of New York. Part I. Distribution and taxonomy 



of the adult flies. Cornell Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta., Mem. 25: 



p. 883, 1 fig. 

 1927. Diptera. Fam. Tanyderidae. Genera Insectorum, Fasc. 189. 

 1930. Observations on the Dipterous family Tanyderidae. Proc. Linn. 



Soc. New South Wales, Iv, pp. 221-230,' 2 pis., 1 fig. (larva 



and pupa). 

 Crampton, G. C. 



1925. A phylogenetic study of the thoracic sclerites of the non-Tipuloid 



Nematocerous Diptera. Ann. Ent. Soc. America, xviii, pp. 

 49-74, 5 pis. 



1926. The external anatomy of the primitive Tanyderid Dipteran 



Macrochile spectrum Lcew, preserved in Baltic Amber. Bull. 



Brooklyn Ent. Soc, xxi, pp. 1-14, 2 pis. 

 1930a. Some anatomical details of the pupa of the archaic Tanyderid 



Dipteron Protoplasa fitchii O. S. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, 



xxxii, pp. 83-98, 3 pis. 

 1930b. A comparison of the more important structural details of the 



larva of the archaic Tanyderid Dipteron Protoplasa fitchii, with 



other Holometabola, from the standpoint of phylogeny. Bull. 



Brooklyn Ent. Soc, xxv, pp. 239-258, 4 pis. 

 Williams, Inez 



1933. The external morphology of the primitive Tanyderid Dipteron 



Protoplasa fitchii O. S., with notes on the other Tanyderidae. 



Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xli, pp. 1-36, 7 pis. (anatomy of adult; 



comparative wing- figures of all genera of Tanyderidse). 



* Plate II. Tipuloidea. 



