GROWTH AND TRANSFORMATION 193 



the familiar hive-bee, the casting of the last larval cuticle, 

 whereby a '' prepupa " with conspicuous wing- rudiments 



Fig. 54. — Pupa and Puparium of Rhagoletis pomonella. X lo. A, 

 early-stage pupa enclosed in puparium and shedding prepupal cuticle 

 (lateral view) ; B,the same, ventral view ; C, later pupa within puparium 

 and separated prepupal cuticle (lateral view) ; D, still later pupa removed 

 from puparium (lateral view) ; E, pupa shortly before emergence 

 (ventral view) . An, anus ; Anty antennal lobes ; ASp, anterior larval 

 spiracle ; Atr, atrium (anterior part of larval pharynx) ; E, compound 

 eye; Mthy larval mouth; A^i, pronotum ; ATj, mesonotum ; pm, pupa- 

 rium; ppu, prepupal larva (fourth larval instar, inside of puparium) ; 

 P'-6, proboscis ; PSp, posterior larval spiracle : Pt, ptilinum ; Pu, pupa : 

 PuSp, pupal dorsal spiracle of pronotum; tra, tracheal linings of 

 preceding instar; w, subocular lobe; W2, wing; W3, halter. X 10. 

 From R. E. Snodgrass (jfourn. Agr, Res., U.S.D.A. xxviii, 1924) . 



O 



