iv METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS MADE DURING THE 



The forms of the clouds were noted iii general conformity with the definition given 

 in the International Cloud Atlas. 



The direction from which the upper clouds were moving, as well as their radiating 

 point, was also noted when possible. 



Precipitation. 



Several rain gauges of the marine pattern were kindly lent by their inventor, Dr 

 Black, of Edinljurgh. One was usually placed aft on the weather side, screwed to a 

 post at a height of about eight feet above the deck. This position, considering the 

 various difficulties that attend rainfall observations at sea, was a good one, as the gauge 

 was never sheltered b}^ the sails. 



State of the Sky. 



The weather and state of the sky are given in the tables, the international symbols 

 and weather notation being used : — 



rain. <; lightning. solar corona. 



■^ snow. (/ # drizzling rain. © solar halo. 



A haO. sun shining. U) lunar corona. 



^ mist or fog. sun gleaming. ID lunar halo. 



I — I hoarfrost. ^v rainbow. oo haze. 



C^ dew. V silver thaw. q squally. 



4^ snow drifting. / gale. D moon. 



K thuTiderstorm. 



The intensity of the phenomenon w^as indicated by the exponents and 2 thus, 

 • " = slight rain, •- = heavy rain. 



Wind. 



The direction of the wind is true, and was always observed by the ship's steering- 

 compass, which stood on the after-part of the poop deck in front of the wheel, the 

 direction being corrected from magnetic to true. As the "Scotia's" track in the 

 Antarctic seas was not far removed from the magnetic meridian, the corrections 

 (declination and deviation) in this region were small. The force of the wind was 

 estimated on a scale of to 12. This differs from the usual Beaufort scale, being that 

 employed at the Ben Nevis Observatory,* where three members of the "Scotia" staff 

 received their meteorological trainino-. 



