ESSENTIALS OF SUCCESS 209 



the men, this time could have been extended to sixty 

 days. Had any sledge and its provisions been cut off 

 from the rest of the division, the man with it would have 

 had everything he needed, except the cooking outfit. 

 Had the sledge which carried the alcohol stove been lost, 

 either in a lead or otherwise, the party to which it 

 belonged would have had to double up with one of the 

 other divisions. 



The new alcohol stove, the design of which I had 

 perfected during the winter, was used altogether on this 

 northern sledge trip. We did not carry oil-stoves at 

 all, except some very small ones with two-inch wicks, 

 which we used for drying mittens. 



The standard method for loading each sledge was 

 as follows : On the bottom was a layer of dog pemmican 

 in red tins, covering the entire length and width of the 

 sledge; on this were two tins of biscuit, and crew 

 pemmican in blue tins; then the tins of alcohol and 

 condensed milk, a small skin rug for the man to sleep on 

 at night in the igloo, snowshoes and spare footgear, a 

 pickax and a saw knife for cutting snow blocks. 

 Practically the only extra items of wearing apparel 

 which were carried were a few pairs of Eskimo sealskin 

 kamiks (boots), for it can readily be imagined that 

 several hundred miles of such walking and stumbling 

 over snow and ice would be rather hard on any kind of 

 footgear which could be made. 



Compactness was the main idea in packing one of 

 these sledges, the center of gravity of the load being 

 brought as low as possible in order that the sledges 

 might not easily overturn. 



The standard daily ration for work on the final 



