APPENDIX I 



Summary of Bathymetrical, Tidal, and Meteor- 

 ological Observations 1 



by r. a. harris, 

 Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washington, D.C. 



Soundings. — Previous to the expeditions of Peary, 

 little was known concerning the depths of that portion 

 of the Arctic Ocean which lies north of Greenland and 

 Grant Land. In 1876 Markham and Parr at a point 

 nearly north of Cape Joseph Henry, in latitude 83° 

 20V, and longitude 63° W.,found a depth of 72 fathoms. 

 In 1882 Lockwood and Brainard at a point lying north- 

 erly from Cape May, in latitude about 82° 38' N., and 

 longitude about 51i° W., sounded to a depth of 133 

 fathoms without touching bottom. 



The motion of the polar pack was inferred by Lock- 

 wood from the existence of a tidal crack extending from 

 Cape May to Beaumont Island. Peary's journeys 

 along the northern coast of Greenland in 1900, and 

 upon the Arctic ice in 1902 and 1906, firmly estab- 

 lished the motion suspected by Lockwood. In April 

 of the years 1902 and 1906 he found an eastward 

 drifting of the ice due to westerly or northwesterly 

 winds. Moreover, along the line of separation be- 

 tween two ice-fields the northern field had a greater 

 eastward motion than had the field to the south of the 



1 Transmitted by O. H. Tittmann, Superintendent, Coast and Geodetic Survey. 



337 



