THE AMPHIBIA OF OKLAHOMA 



28. Labial papillae on ventral as well as sides. 



Striped Chorus Frog, Psettdacris trlseriata (Weid). 



29. Labial formula 2/2; dorsal surface with several cream or light yellow nearly cir- 

 cular spots; tail tip attenuated and in larger individuals often intensely black. 



Northern Cricket Frog, Acris crepitans Baird. 



29. Labial formula not 2/2; dorsum without nearly circular cream or yellow spots; tail 



tip not attenuated and never intensely black 30 



30. Labial papillae confined to sides. (Bufo) 31 



30. Labial papillae not confined to sides. (Rana, Scaphiopus) 39 



31. Body coloration generally light. Body of at least two colors; a light hard line along 

 tail base in musculature, another (smaller and fainter) through eye. 



Desert Toad, Bttjo compactilis Wiegmann. 

 3L Body coloration generally dark, mottling, common (though not universal) . . 32 



32. Papillae on sides of ventral labium only (or with a very few scattered dorsally); 

 inner papillae usually absent (if present, very few); rocky areas, especially west. 

 Rare. Canyon Toad, Btijo punctattis Baird and Girard. 



32. Labial papillae not confined to lateral margin of lower labium; inner papillae 

 usually present 33 



33. Inner dorsal row of labial teeth entire, division at midpoint in right and left halves 

 just discernable. Northern Little Green Toad, Bufo insidior Girard.^ 



33. A distinct median space between the right and left halves of the inner dorsal row 



of labial teeth 34 



34. Body color black (or very nearly so) dorsally; no mottling or spotting on body; 

 eastern half of Oklahoma in wooded areas mostly. 



American Toad, Bufo terrestris americaiuis Holbrook. 



34. Body varicolored or mottled, not uniformly black 35 



35. Body varicolored; a light line through eye and another on each side of tail base. 

 Western Oklahoma, east in south to Jefferson County. 



Desert Toad, Bufo compactilis Wiegmann. 



35. Body mottled mostly in browns, often some gray or black 36 



36. Mottling fine 37 



36. Mottling very coarse, consisting of large patches of light and dark browns over 

 total dorsal surface. Young tadpoles only; confined to eastern Oklahoma. 



Fowler's Toad, Bufo looodliottsii fowleri Hinckley. '^'^ 



37. Lower row of ventral labial teeth short, extending only to the region of the labial 

 papillae or just beyond this. Wide midspace between left and right sides of the 

 lower dorsal row. Great Plains Toad, Bufo cognatus Say. 



37. Lower row of ventral labial teeth extending well beyond inner borders of labial 

 papillae. Space between right and left sides of lower ventral row not very wide . 38 



38. Found west of a line from northeastern Ottawa County to Red River in eastern 

 Bryan County (except probably present in Arkansas River Valley). 



Rocky Mountain Toad, Bufo woodhottsii woodhonsii Girard. ^*^ 



38. Found east of this line. Fowler's Toad, Bufo woodhoiisii fowleri Hinckley. ^^ 



39. Labial formula typically 2/3 (sometimes 1/3). (Rana) 40 



39. Labial formula not 1/3 or 2/3. (Scaphiopus) 43 



40. "Beak narrowly pigmented with dark, the lower mandible dark for less than half 

 its width; belly densely pigmented, the viscera usually not visible through the 



skin." (Walker, 1946) 41 



^ The tadpole of Bufo msidior is uncertainly known. Smith (1934) described from 



Kansas a bufonid tadpole which he took to be of this species. Since that time the only other 

 unknown bufonid tadpoles likely to be in Kansas have been described {B. compactilis, 

 cognatus, tv. woodhousii) and this by elimination makes the identification fairly certain. 

 These tadpoles have never been seen in Oklahoma, but adults are known. 



^^ The two subspecies of B. woodhousii can easily be distinguished when young. Older 

 ones are so alike that separation is difficult or impossible by means of a key. In the zone of 

 intergradation separation will be impossible with this key. 



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