THE AMPHIBIA OF OKLAHOMA 



5. Not as above 6 



6. Parotoid glands tending toward kidney-shaped, nearer together near middle than 

 at either end; ventral surface spotted or splotched with black; cranial crests con- 

 verging slightly toward snout; most dorsal spots have only one wart; eastern half 

 of Oklahoma; abundant. American Toad, Bttfo terrestris americaniis Holbrook. 



6. Parotoids not kidney-shaped; ventral, white except for pectoral spot or spots and 

 some darkening near insertion of arms in some; cranial crests parallel or nearly 



so. (Bttfo tvoodhottsii)^^ 7 



7. Size smaller (up to 80 mm., usually about 60); usually with little or no yellow 

 in groin; eastern Oklahoma only; abundant. 



Fowler's Toad, Bttfo woodhotisii foivlen Hinckley. 



7. Size larger (up to 125 mm., usually about 80-85); commonly with yellow in 

 groin; all of Oklahoma except eastern third or less. 



Rocky Mountain Toad, Bttfo tvoodhottsii ivoodhousii Girard. 



8. Toes not webbed. (Microhyla) 9 



8. Toes webbed (little to fully) 10 



9. Venter lightly mottled with dark on light; eastern Oklahoma only. 



Southern Narrow Mouth Toad, Microhyla caroliiiensis caroltnensis Holbrook. ^- 

 9. Venter not mottled, its color white or nearly white; all of Oklahoma other than 

 eastern part and possibly Panhandle. 



Northern Narrow Mouth Toad, Micro liyLi Caroline nsis oliracea (Hallowell).^- 

 10. Spades (sharp-edged metatarsal tubercles) on hind feet; pupil of eye vertical in 



light. (Scaphiopus) 11 



10. No spades on hind feet; pupil circular in light 14 



11. Spades elongate or sickle-shaped 12 



11. Spades rounded, short; not sickle-shaped 13 



12. Dorsal color commonly green, sometimes with darker spottings; pectoral glands 

 present; tympanum distinct; no group of small, dark sharp-pointed tubercles just 

 back of eyes; short-grass plains and mesquite savannahs in southwest, east to Jef- 

 ferson County in south; abundant. Southern Spadefoot, Scaphioptts cotichii Baird. 



12. Dorsal color dark green to nearly black (sometimes lighter green), often with two 

 curved white bands on back; pectoral glands absent; a group of small, dark, sharp- 

 pointed tubercles just back of eyes; tympanum indistinct, savannahs and flood 

 plain, abundant eastern half of Oklahoma, rarely on flood plains an uncertain 

 distance westward. Savannah Spadefoot, Scaphioptts httrterii Strecker. 



13. Interorbital osseous boss present; grasslands in western two-thirds of Oklahoma 

 east to Tulsa in north. Plains Spadefoot, Scaphioptts hombifrons (Cope). 



13. Interorbital osseous boss absent (sometimes a glandular area here appears like a 

 boss); short-grass plains, western Oklahoma. 



Western Spadefoot, Scaphioptts hamtyiondii Baird. 



14. Discs on toes present. (Hylidae) 15 



14. Discs on toes absent. (Rana) 22 



15. Discs large enough to be seen easily (Hyla) 16 



15. Discs too small to be seen easily 19 



16. X-like, thin, sharply defined mark on back; size small (up to 33 mm. total 

 length); extreme eastern Oklahoma. 



Spring Peeper, Hyla crticifcr cntcifer Wicd. 



16. No thin, sharply defined, X-like mark on back; size larger (up to 63 mm.) . . 17 



17. Color quite variable but most commonly bright green, sometimes with a few spots 



^^ The subspecies {tvoodhottsii and fotvleri) are difficult to separate. They intergrade 

 in a narrow zone, from Ottawa County to Choctaw County except that both may be jiresent 

 in the Arkansas Valley of Sequoyah County. 



^- Intergradation occurs in Latimer County. Both subspecies are known in Cherokee 

 County. An intergrade has a partly mottled venter. No other character than mottling will 

 separate the two subspecies (Hecht and Matalas, 1946). 



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