ADAPTATIONS AND DISTRIBUTION 



7. Bufo u'oodhoiisii jotvlcri Hinckley (Fowler's Toad) 



Ecologically limited to woodland and geographically limited to eastern 

 Oklahoma. Abundant in southeast, rarer to the north, tends to inhabit lower 

 areas of its region and to be replaced higher up (especially on mountains) 

 by B. t. americanus. Tends to intergrade with B. w. woodhousii along a nar- 

 row zone from Ottawa County southwestward to western ("hoctaw and 

 eastern Bryan counties, except in Set]uoyah County where it is largely re- 

 placed along the Arkansas River by B. w. woodhousii. Breeding sites are 

 (1) shallow, and (2) high intermediate to warm. Common in all sorts of 

 pools, ditches, river and lake margins, small creeks, and flooded fields which 

 are shallow and warm. Breeding pattern, mesic. 



8. Bu]o woodhousii woodhousii (jirard (Rocky Mountain Toad) 



Ecologically generally unrestricted over most of the state although re- 

 placed by B. w. jowleri in the east, especially in southeast. In prairie, it finds 

 its best habitat in lower regions, including flood plains of rivers, and is im- 

 perfectly replaced in high areas by B. cognatus in the northwest. Breeding 

 sites almost unrestricted in general type. Best sites are ( 1 ) shallow, (2) inter- 

 mediate in temperature, (3) semi-clear to turbid, (4) temporary to semi- 

 permanent. Tadpoles have exceptionally been found in shallow flowing 

 creeks nearly saturated with lime, in very muddy cattle tanks, and even in 

 artificial, concrete or metal containers, in water from two inches to three 

 feet in depth. Breeding pattern, intermediate. (Figs. 10, 11, 12, 15, 23, 26, 

 28, 33, 34.) 



9. Hyla cinerea cinerea (Schneider) (Green Tree Toad) 



In Oklahoma known only from the valley of the Mountain Fork River, 

 McCurtain County. Breeding pattern, mesic, as observed elsewhere; unob- 

 served in Oklahoma. 



10. Hyla crucifer crucifer Wied (Spring peeper) 



In Oklahoma known only from the east. Breeding observed only a few 

 times in Oklahoma. Breeding pattern mesic. 



11. Hyla versicolor chrysoscelis (Cope) (Smooth Tree Toad) 



Replaces Hyla v. versicolor, at least partly, in the valley of Little River, 

 McCurtain County, and in the valley north of Rich Mountain, LeFlore Coun- 

 ty. Breeding observed once each in these, in shallow heavily vegetated pools. 

 Breeding pattern unknown; probably mesic, like its close relative, H. v. 

 versicolor. (Fig. 6.) 



12. Hyla versicolor versicolor ( Le Conte) (Common Tree Toad) 



Ecologically restricted to woodland and savannahs, tending to follow 

 flood-plain forests westward into grassland, especially in the south. Breeding 

 sites in pools which are (1) shallow to medium depth, (2) intermediate to 

 warm, and (3) typically but not always shaded. Most abundant if pool has 



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