THE AMPHIBIA OF OKLAHOMA 



Fig. 9. One of several ailjaccnt tiny pools in solid rock (see lower right) from which hatch- 

 ing embryos of Biifo pnnctutits were secured on May 6, 1939. (See Bragg and Smith, 

 1943.) Stream bed below dam holding Soldier Lake, Wichita Wild Life Refuge, 

 Comanche County, Oklahoma. Photo by the author. 



Fig. 10. Shallow, extensively flooded area in sedge meadow on the Canadian River flood 

 plain, just southwest of Norman, Cleveland County, Oklahoma. For several years 

 this area was studied intensively until it was destroyed by flood waters of the river. 

 The following bred here repeatedly: Bufo w. woodhoitsii , Psetidacris strec\eri, and 

 Rana beiiandieri. The piairie species B. cognattts and Ps. clarl^ii invaded this area 

 occasionally (Bragg, 1942a), but no spadefoots were ever found. Compare with 

 Fig. 12. Photo by the author, spring, 1939. 



Fig. 1 1 . The Aroyo de Pecos, eastern edge of Las Vegas, New Mexico. Breeding site of 

 Biijo tv. woodhottsii in shallow, running water (see Bragg, 1941). 



Fig. 12. Slough on Canadian River flood plain just beyond that shown in Fig. 10. Breed- 

 ing site of Rana herlandicn, B. w. woodhoitsii and Pseitdacris strecl{eri. Photo by the 

 author, April, 1939. 



Fig. 13. Temporary pool just northwest of Las Vegas, New Mexico, in which Scaphiupiis 

 hammondii were first found breeding (Bragg, 1941). A very few S. botnhijrons 

 occurred here also. 



Fig. 14. Pool in the oak-hickory savannah just west of Little Axe, eastern Cleveland 

 County, Oklahoma, wherein the following species are known to have bred: Bufo t. 

 americanits, Psetidacris triseriata, Ps. strecl{eri, R. berlandieri , and Scaphioptis hur- 

 terii. This is pool B (Bragg, 1945a) in which social metamorphic aggregations of the 

 tadpoles of the savannah spadefoot were observed in 1945. They did not use this 

 pool in 1946. Photo by A. O. Weese, April 7, 1946. 



Fig. 15. Deep ditch with shallow pools in the field beyond in the valley of Hog Creek, 

 west of Litde Axe, Cleveland County, Oklahoma. In late June, 1939, after heavy 

 rain B. w. woodhoitsii were calling along the ditch and B. cognatits about the shal- 

 low pools with no mixing of the two species. For a similar situation illustrating the 

 marked tendency toward breeding-site selection in these two species see Bragg 

 (1940, Fig. 5). Photo by Chas. C. Smith, June, 1939. 



Fig. 16. Borrow pit in clearing in oak-hickory savannah six miles east of Norman, Cleve- 

 land County, Oklahoma. This pool has been watched for eight consecutive seasons 

 and the following species are known to have bred there: Bitjo t. americanits , Hyla 

 V. versicolor, Acris crepitans, Psetidacris strcc/^cri, Scaphiopits hitrterii, and Rana 

 berlandieri. This is the pool described by Bragg (1944b) where social aggregations 

 of tadpoles of S. hiirierii was first observed; also, pool A of Bragg (1945B). Photo 

 by Chas. C. Smith. 



Fig. 17. Small turbid tank in oak-hickory savannah southeast of Norman, Cle\clantl 

 County, Oklahoma. Breeding site of B. t. americanits. One male of Scaphiopits 

 hombifrons is the only spadefoot ever observed callmg here. Photo by Chas. C. 

 Smith, June 19, 1939. 



Fig. 18. Shallow, temporary, clear pool in mixed grass prairie at Norman, Oklahoma. 

 Breeding site of Bufo cognatits antl Microhyla c. olivdce.i. Photo by Chas. C. Smith, 

 June 28, 1939. 



Fig. 19. Ditch along Oklahoma Highway 9, two miles east of Little Axe, eastern Cleveland 

 County, Oklahoma, in the oak-hickory savannah. Pool D of Bragg (1945a) is shown 

 in the foreground. Pool C is formed in the background after rains. Breeding site of 

 Psetidacris triseriata, Ps. strecl{eri, R. berlandieri, Microhyla c. oliracea, Acris crepi- 

 tans and Scaphiopits hitrterii (in both pools, 1946, but only Pool C in 1945). Ps. 

 triseriata (as tadpoles) were extremely abundant here when the picture was taken 

 but all failed to metamorphose before the pool dried up. Later rains refilled the pool 

 and successful breeding of all of the other species occurred in the late spring. Photo 

 by A. O. Wccsc, April 7, 1946. 



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