THE AMPHIBIA OF OKLAHOMA 



Fig. 22. Temporary pool at entrance of Kearney's Gap, about three miles southwest of 

 Las Vegas, New Mexico, in the ecotone between short-grass plains and the pinyon- 

 juniper community. Scaphiopus hamtytondii but not 5. botnbijrons bred here in 1940. 

 The spadefoot tadpoles of the same age in this pool when the picture was taken 

 varied enormously in size. Photo by the author, August 17, 1940. 



Fig. 23. Extensively flooded but shallow pool in field, south edge of Norman, Cleveland 

 County, Oklahoma. A large congress of Scaphiopus bombifrons and Btijo cogiiattis 

 (including many mated pairs) was present when picture was taken in spring of 

 1940. Other species commonly breeding here each year include B. w. woodhoitsii, 

 Ps. chirf{ii, Ps. strec\eri, and M. c. oUvacea. On two occasions a single male Hyla v. 

 versicolor has been found indicating, probably, stray individuals which have followed 

 wooded ravines from the oak-hickory savannah, four miles to the eastward where 

 this species is very abundant. It was in this area that the crossed pair of Bufo cognattis 

 (male) and B. w. woodhoiisii (female) was taken (Bragg, 1939). Photo by Chas. C. 

 Smith at the time of greatest flooding. 



Fig. 24. Temporary, shallow, grassy, clear pool in sand hills bordering the valley of the 

 North Fork of Red River near Granite, Greer County, Oklahoma. Breeding site of 

 Bujo compactilis. Compare Fig. 25. Photo by A. O. Weese, June 11, 1946. 



Fig. 25. Clear, shallow, sedge-grown pool (sandy bottom) on flood plain of North Fork of 

 Red River, just east of Granite, extreme eastern Greer County, Oklahoma. Breeding 

 site of Bujo compactilis (compare Fig. 24). Photo by A. O. Weese, June 11, 1946. 



Fig. 26. Tank at Duke, Jackson County, Oklahoma. On the night of August 8-9, 1939, 

 this area was extensively flooded and had the following species calling there: Bu\o 

 insidior, B. cognattis, B. compactilis, B. iv. ivoodhousn, and (a few) Scaphiopus 

 coiichii. (See Bragg, 1940a for a description of segregation of species here.) Con- 

 ditions had changed in the intervening years. No tadpoles were present here in July, 

 1945, but in June, 1946, those of Scaphiopus bombifrons were abundant. Photo by 

 A. O. Weese, June 8, 1946. 



Fig. 27. Portion of an extensive clear pool near the Red River, southern Lo\e County, 

 Oklahoma, in oak-hickory savannah. Typical breeding site of Hyla u. versicolor and 

 Acris crepitans, both of whose tadpoles were abundant when photo was taken by 

 A. O. Weese, June 6, 1946. 



Fig. 28. Tank in oak-hickory savannah, about six miles east of Norman, Cleveland County, 

 Oklahoma, very near pool shown in Fig. 16. This water is semi-permanent (dry just 

 once since 1937). The following breed here each year: B. t. americanus, Hyla v. 

 versicolor, Psettdacris strecl{eri, Rana herlandieri, and Acris crepitans. Occasionally 

 males of Microhyla c. olivacea and Bufo w. woodhousii have been seen calling here but 

 no tadpoles of these have ever been found. Also, this pool in contrast to the nearby 

 temporary one (Fig. 16) has never been used by S. hurterii from 1939 to 1949 in- 

 clusive. Photo by Chas. C. Smith, spring, 1939. 



Fig. 29. Small tank in oak-hickory savannah, 7/4 miles east of Norman, Cleveland 

 County, Oklahoma. Breeding site of Bufo t. americanus, Pseudacris strec\eri, Micro- 

 hyla c. olivacea, Acris crepitans, and Raii.i bcrhindicri. Photo by Chas. C. Smith, 

 spring, 1939. 



Fig. 30. Depression in woodland with very small amount of water in it when photo was 

 made but which forms an extensive temporary pond with water flowing back into 

 the woods after heavy rains. Location about 7 Vz miles east of Norman, Cleveland 

 County, Oklahoma. Breeding site of B. t. americanus, Ps. chir/(ii (from small popu- 

 lation in an adjacent prairie island not shown in picture), Ps. triseriata, Ps. streck.eri, 

 Hyla V. versicolor, Microhyla c. olivacea, Rana berlandieri, and Scaphiopus hurterii 

 This is the pool in which differential developmental rates among species were ob- 

 served (see above). Photo by the author, spring, 1945. 



Fig. 31. Small tank in artificial clearing '/4 mile into oak-hickory savannah, 4-|- miles 

 cast of Norman, Oklahoma. The westernmost observed site of the breeding of Bufo 

 t. americanus is at this point, i'lioio by Chas. C. Smith, spring, 1939. 



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