INDEX 



459 



Sound-production, 154 f. 



South American Cat-fish, 76, 94; 

 pectoral fin, 68, 77 



South American fishes, 273 f. 



South American Lung-fish, 271; 

 external gills, 44; aestivation, 244; 

 pelvic fins, 301; see also Lung- 

 fish 



South Temperate Zone, 258 f. 



Southern Chimaera, rostral appen- 

 dage, 198 



Sparidae, 378; see also Sea 

 Bream 



Spawning, 280 f. ; mark, 102; migra- 

 tions, 262; times, 281 



Spear, fishing with, 389 



Spear-fish, 12; jaws, 113 f. ; verte- 

 brae, 165; systematic position, 



379 



Species, 364 f. ; number of, 6 



Speed, 29 



Spent Salmon, see Kelt 



Spermatophores, 297 



Spermatozoa, 280, 297, 317 



Sphyraena, see Barracuda 



Sphyraenidae, 379 



Sphyrna, see Hammer-headed Shark 



Spiegelkarpfen, see Mirror Carp 



Spinachia, see Fifteen-spined Stickle- 

 back 



Spinal cord, 180 



Spinal nerves, 180 



Spinax, phosphorescence, 150 



Spines, 58, 65 



Spiny Dog-fish, 144; fin-spines, 63; 

 poison gland, 141; venom, 143; 

 number of young, 325; develop- 

 ment, 326, 328; systematic posi- 

 tion, 376 



Spiny Eel, 380 



Spiracle, 35, 37, 41 



Spiral valve, 170 f. 



Spleen, 170 



Sponge-inhabiting Goby, 235 



Spook-fish, see Californian Chimaera 



Spoon-bill, scales, 89; snout, 109, 

 110, 197; ancestry, 356; see also 

 Paddle-fish 



Spotted Dog-fish, 35; 76; gills, 36; 

 dermal denticles, 85; mouth, 104; 

 jaws, 106; skull, 107, 160; em- 

 bryonic teeth, 121; incubation 

 period, 324; egg-capsule, 319 



Spotted Eagle Ray, teeth, 127; 



venom, 143 

 Spotted Ray, egg capsule, 319 

 Sprat, scales, 91; eggs, 322; in- 

 cubation period, 330; canning, 



399 



Spring Salmon, 285 



Squalidac, fin-spines, 63; systematic 

 position, 376 



Squaloidea, 376 



Squalus, see Spiny Dog-fish 



Square-tail, teeth, 138; systematic 

 position, 379 



Squatina, Jurassic forms, 353; see 

 Monk-fish 



Squatinidae, 376 



Stale fish, 394 f. 



Stalked eye, 188 



Star-gazer, head, 110, 1 1 1 ; mouth, 

 feeding, 1 1 1 ; electric organs, 147; 

 eyes, 189 



Steering, 75 



Stegostoma, see Tiger Shark 



Stegotrachelus finlayi^ 355 



Sterility, 365 



Stern-chaser, 152 



Stickleback, 64, 94; rate of breath- 

 ing, 43; fin-spines, 68; pelvic fin, 

 81; scutes, 94; food, 132; sound- 

 production, 155; colour variation, 

 219; in salt and fresh water, 253, 

 265; secondary sexual characters, 

 299; pugnacity of male, 303; 

 breeding, 306 f. ; systematic posi- 

 tion, 379; parasites, 418 



Sting Ray, 73; median fins, 63; 

 tail, 74; tail-spine, 15, 85, 87; 

 teeth, 126; poison gland, 140; 

 venom, 143; in fresh water, 253; 

 nutrition of embryo, 325 ; system- 

 atic position, 376 



Stock-fish, 296 



Stomach, 168 f. 



Stomiatoidea, 377; sec also Wide- 

 mouth 



Stone Cat, 278; poison gland, 141; 

 see also Mad Tom 



Stone Roller, intestine, 170 



Stream-line form, 9, 14 



Stridulation, 154 



wStromateidae, see Rudder-fish 



Stromateoidea, teeth, 138; system- 

 atic position, 379 



