MEGASECOPTERA 



11 



separation as an order distinct from the Protorthoptera and is 

 here regarded as a superfamily of the latter. The tarsi are 

 5- jointed and there is often a well-developed ovipositor. 



The Protorthoptera occurred from the Upper Carboniferous 

 until the Trias, and number about 200 species. They comprise 

 about eighteen families, and at least another twelve are included 

 in the Protoblattoidea. Representative genera include Spaniodera 

 Handl.. Dieconeura Scud. (Fig. 37), and Gerarus Scud., from 



Fig. 38. Protophasma dumasi Broiign., restoration. (After Handlirsch.) 



Illinois, U.S.A., and Ischnoneura Brongn., Cnemidolestes Handl., 

 Stenoneura Brongn., Protophasma Brongn. (Fig. 38), from 

 Commentry, France, and Euccenus Scud., Illinois. 



Megasecoptera Brongn. Related to the Protodonata, but 

 distinguished from that order by the elongate cerci, narrowed 

 or subpetiolate wing-bases and the single anal vein, with or 

 without descending branches (Fig. 39). The dense network of 

 transverse veinlets characteristic of Protodonata is wanting in 

 this order. Remains of these insects occur in the Upper 

 Carboniferous of Commentry (France), England and North 



