SPECIES OF LOCUSTS 



307 



known under separate specific designations have been shown to 

 be merely phases of one or other kind. This has naturally involved 

 changes of nomenclature, and many old specific names must now 

 be replaced by standard phase designations {vide Uvarov, 1928). 

 1. The Migratory Locust {Locusta migratoria L.). 



Phasis gregaria = migratoria L. 



Phasis solitaria = danica L. 

 Although confined to the Old World, this insect enjoys a wider 

 range of distribution than any other species. Its range is 

 practically universal between latitude 60 N. and 20 S., besides 

 extending into New Zealand. Recent studies by Uvarov and 

 Zolotarevsky (1929), Zolotarevsky (1933) and Uvarov (1936) 

 have shown that, although this species is a very definite entity in 

 itself, it is divisible into a number of sub-species of which five are 

 at present known, each being characteristic of a geographical 

 area. The characters differentiating these sub-species are of a 

 relatively minor order and require expert determination : their 

 biometrical features are given in the table below. (1) The 

 Palaearctic Locust or sub-sp. migratoria L. (sen. str.), South-East 

 Russia. (2) The Central Russian Locust or sub-sp. rossica Uv. 

 and ZoL, Central Russia and Western Europe. (3) The African 

 Locust or sub-sp. migratorioides R. and F., Africa and Western 

 Asia. (4) The Madagascar Locust or sub-sp. capito ZoL, 

 Madagascar. (5) The Oriental Locust or sub-sp. manilensis 

 Mey., Malaysia, East Indies, Philippines, China. 



Table XVIII. Average Measurements and Ratios of the ph. 

 gregaria in Different Sub-species of Locusta migratoria (from 

 Uvarov). 



Note. E, length of elytron ; F, length of femur ; P, length of pronotum ; H, height of pronotum 

 M, width of pronotum at the constriction ; C, maximum width of the head, 



