Keys to the Fishes of Washington, Oregon and 

 Closely Adjoining Regions 



BY 



Leonard P. Schultz 



INTRODUCTION 



This publication contains keys for the identification of the ma- 

 rine and freshwater fishes reported to have been taken or expected 

 to occur in the waters of the states of Washington and Oregon 

 and neighboring waters. It originally appeared in mimeographed 

 form, October, 1931, University Bookstore, Seattle, Washington, 

 and was designed especially for use in the ichthyology laboratory 

 of the University of Washington, School of Fisheries. During the 

 last few years we have carefully checked the keys with specimens 

 in the collection of fishes, School of Fisheries, University of Wash- 

 ington. The illustrations include several original drawings, made 

 by Arthur D. Welander or the author. Certain portions of the keys 

 have been modified after publications by Jordan, Evermann, Starks, 

 Gilbert, Hubbs, Burke, and Parr, whose contributions are acknowl- 

 edged as footnotes in the proper places. 



How to Use the Keys 

 The statements are arranged so one must consider ALTER- 

 NATIVE CHARACTERS. One character is given under a desig- 

 nation as "la" and the contrasting character as "lb." In some cases 

 three or four alternatives are given as "lc" and "Id." If in using 

 the key the characters under the first alternative, for example "la" 

 do not agree with the specimen at hand try the next alternative, in 

 this case "lb." When the characters do fit, read on down as long 

 as they continue to fit, never progressing under designations that are 

 not true for the specimen at hand. For example in running down 

 a salmon to the family, use lb, 3b, 15b, 16a, 17b, 19a, 20a, 21a, 22b, 

 24a, 25a, 26b, 27a, before you finally find the name at the end of the 

 paragraph under 28a, "Salmon and Trout." 20. Salmonidae p. 134." 

 The number "20" preceding the family (all families end in idae) 

 refers to the 20th family, and the "p. 134" refers to the page on 

 which the key to the genera and species of this family occurs. The 

 keys to the genera and species should be used in exactly the same 

 manner as the family key, continuing until the name of the fish is 

 found at the end of a paragraph under a certain symbol as "15a." 



(109) 



