120 University of Washington Publications in Biology [Vol. 2. 



42a. Pharyngeal teeth many more than 9 and in 

 1 row arranged like the teeth of a comb ; 

 mouth usually directed downward, exces- 

 sively protractile and sucker-like with or 

 without papillous lips. Fig. 13. 

 Suckers 29. Catostomidae, p. 142 



42b. Pharyngeals few in number, less than 9 

 and in 1 to 3 rows, not comb-like ; mouth 

 not especially directed downward, without 

 papillous lips. 



Minnows. Chubs. Dace 



30. Cyprinidae, p. 145 



19b. (See 19a, p. 114, and 19c, p. 126.) Pelvic fins thoracic (placed under or 

 just a little behind the pectorals, and internally connected with the 

 shoulder girdle, with exceptions), or jugular (placed in front of the 

 pectorals) ; the rays are not modified into round pads forming a sucking 

 disk. Figs. 16 and 17. 



43a. Both eyes on the same side of the head. Fig. 14. 



44a. Pelvic fins symmetrical in position or nearly so, neither located on 

 the median ridge of abdomen. 

 Flounders. Halibut 44. Pleuronectidae, p. 157 



44b. Pelvic fin of eyed side located on median ridge of abdomen; eyes 

 and color on left side. 

 Sand Dabs 43. Bothidae, p. 156 



43b. Eyes normal, each eye on opposite side of the head. 



45a. A bony stay (suborbital stay) extending from below eye backward 

 across the cheek just under the skin, or else the side of the head is 

 mostly covered with bony plates. Fig. 15. 



46a. Head and body mostly covered with bony plates in 8 to 12 long- 

 itudinal rows. 

 Sea Poachers 70. Agonidae, p. 182 



Fig. 15. A sketch showing the 

 position of the bony suborbital 

 stay. 



46b. Head and body not covered with bony plates arranged in rows. 



47a. Gill openings not extending to opposite lowest pectoral ray; 

 slit behind the 4th gill reduced to a mere pore or wanting. 

 Northern Sea Horse 69. Rhamphocottidae, p. 182 



47b. Gill opening extending down to at least lowest pectoral ray. 



48a. Body wholly or partly naked, or covered with prickles but 

 never completely covered with scales ; when the body is par- 

 tially scaled, the scaleless areas occur between the bands of 

 scales. 

 Sculpins 68. Cottidae, p. 172 



