126 University of Washington Publications in Biology [Vol. 2. 



85b. Lower jaw longest; head about 7 to 8 in 

 length ; depth 6 or more in length ; body 

 ribbon-like ; skin naked without scales or 

 prickles. 

 Cutlassfishes ... .53. Trichiuridae, p. 160 



84b. Dorsal spines stiff and sharp. 



86a. Lips with long teeth-like fringes ; mouth 

 when closed nearly vertical. Fig. 19. 

 Sand Fishes.. 62. Trichodontidae, p. 163 



86b. Lips without fringes ; mouth often oblique 

 but not vertical. 



87a. Dorsal with only I or II very short spines 

 just behind head; body with many small 

 luminous organs or photophores arranged 

 in series. 



Toad Fishes 



86. Batrachoididae, p. 197 



87b. Dorsal with many spines; body often rib- 

 bon-like. 



88a. Dorsal fin with at least 1 soft ray but 

 fewer than 20, usually 5 to 13 in local 

 species ; vertebrae 52 or fewer ; lateral 

 line, if present, arched high above the 

 pectoral. 

 Blennies 78. Clinidae, p. 192 



88b. Dorsal fin without soft rays (except in 

 Cebidichthys which has 39 to 44) ; ver- 

 tebrae usually more than 53. 



89a. Origin of anal fin under the 34th to 

 55th spinous ray of the dorsal fin ; 

 body ribbon-like and never with mul- 

 tiple branched lateral lines ; all verte- 

 brae with haemal arches. 

 Blennies 79. Pholididae, p. 192 



89b. Origin of anal fin under the 12th to 

 32nd spinous ray of the dorsal fin ; 

 body round and not ribbon-like except 

 in Phytichthys which has multiple 

 branched lateral lines and II (rarely 

 III) strong anal spines; only the cau- 

 dal vertebrae with haemal arches. 

 Blennies 80. Stichaeidae, p. 192 



19c. (See 19a, p. 114, and 19b, p. 120.) Pelvic fins absent or modified into 

 sucking disks. Fig. 17. 



90a. Gill membranes united to the isthmus, Fig. 12, (gill opening some- 

 times reduced to a small slit high on the side). 



