1936] Schultz: Keys to Fishes 161 



Family 55. Stromateidae 



Range : Puget Sound to San Diego. Marine. Common southward. 



California Pampano 163. Peprilits simillimus (Ayres) 



Family 56. Icosteidae. Ragfishes 



Range: British Columbia to California. Marine. Rare. 



Ragfish 164. Icostcus acnigmaticus Lockington 



Family 57. Acrotidae. Pelagic Fish 



Range : Petersburg, Alaska to San Pedro, California. Marine. Not rare. 

 Ragfish 165. Acrotus zvilloughbyi Bean 



Family 58. Percidae. Perch 



Range : Eastern United States, introduced into the western United States. 

 Freshwater. Common. 

 Yellow Perch 166. Perca flavescens (Mitchill) 



Family 59. Centrarchidae. Bass and Sunfish 



la. Body not elongate but sunfish-shaped, depth about Yi to 2 /s the standard 

 length; scales 35 to 55; pyloric caeca unbranched, 5 to 11; anal spines 

 strong, the longest more than half as high as the soft fin. 



2a. Anal III (rarely IV), 8 to 12; anal fin less than half as long as dorsal; 

 dorsal IX to XII, 9 to 13; ctenii of scales well developed. 



3a. Tongue, hyoid and pterygoids toothed ; preorbital serrate ; the upper 

 jaw extending beyond middle of eye; supplementary maxillary well 

 developed ; lower pharyngeal narrow, with conic teeth ; operculum 

 scarcely produced, with stiff margin ; caudal vertebrae 17 ; gill rakers 

 well developed. Range : Introduced into western United States. Fresh- 

 water. Not common. 

 Warmouth Bass. 167. Chaenobrythis gulosus (Cuvier and Valenciennes) 



3b. Tongue, hyoid, and pterygoids toothless ; preorbital strickly smooth ; 

 mouth smaller, the upper jaw not extending to middle of eye; supple- 

 mentary maxillary reduced or absent. 



4a. Upper jaw extending nearly to (rarely a little beyond) middle of 

 eye; supplementary maxillary well developed; ctenii of scales ob- 

 solescent ; anal spines low, little more than half as high as the soft 

 fin ; lower pharyngeals narrow, with conic teeth ; operculum scarcely 

 produced, with stiff margin; caudal vertebrae usually 17; gill rakers 

 about x /2 as long as eye ; usually a blackish spot on posterior part of 

 soft dorsal. Range : Introduced into western United States. Fresh- 

 water. Common. 

 Green Sunfish 168. Apomotis cyancllus (Rafinesque) 



4b. Upper jaw not nearly reaching to middle of eye; supplementary 

 maxillary variously reduced or absent; ctenii of scales well devel- 

 oped; anal spines higher, more than 2 /$ as high as the soft fin. 



5a. Lower pharyngeals narrow, the width about Ys the length of the 

 toothed portion, the outer margin straight or nearly so, the teeth 

 long, slender and more or less conic ; operculum more or less pro- 



