1936] Schultz: Keys to Fishes 211 



Sessile. Without a stem or peduncle ; attached. 



Setaceous. Bristly. 



Setiform. Bristle-like; like bristles of a brush. 



Shoulder girdle. Bony structure posterior to the head, pectoral girdle 



to which the anterior limbs are attached, the pectoral fin. 

 Snout. The portion of the head which projects beyond the eyes. The 



snout is measured from the tip of the upper jaw to the anterior 



margin of the orbit. 

 Soft dorsal. The part of the dorsal fin in fishes composed of soft or 



articulated rays. 

 Soft rays. Fin rays which are articulated like bamboo fish poles. 

 Spatulate. Shaped like a spatula. 

 Sphenotic. A lateral bone of the skull. 

 Spine. A sharp projecting point ; of fin rays, technically inarticulated, 



unpaired (median) rays, regardless of whether or not they are 



stiff and pungent. 

 Spinous. Stiff or composed of spines. 

 Spinous dorsal. Anterior part of dorsal fin of spinous rays ; dorsal 



fin composed of inarticulated rays. 

 Spiracles. Respiratory openings in the head and neck of sharks and 



rays and certain other fishes. 

 Standard length. The distance from the tip of the snout to the base 



of the caudal fin rays. 

 Stellate. Star-like, with radiating ridges. 

 Striate. Striped or streaked. 

 Sub-. Less than ; somewhat, not quite, under, etc. 

 Subcaudal. Under the tail. 



Subopercle. First bone below the opercle, suture often hidden by 

 scales or skin. 



Suborbitals. See infraorbitals. 



Suborbital stay. One of the suborbital bones in certain fishes, extend- 

 ing across the cheek, to or toward the preopercle. 



Subidate. Awlshaped. 



Sucking disk. A sucking organ, usually modified paired fins, used for 

 clinging to rocks, etc. 



Superpharyngeals. Upper pharyngeals or sometimes a synonym of 

 pharyngobranchials. 



Supplemental maxillary. A small bone or bones lying along the up- 

 per edge of the maxillary in some fishes. 



Supraclavicle. Bone interposed between clavicle and post-temporal. 

 The word cleithrum is in common usage. 



Supra-. Above. 



