LEPIDOPTERA 



575 



In some of the more generalized Lepidoptera there is a series of 

 slightly curved, spine-like setae on the costa of the hind wing near the 

 base, which aid in holding the wings together. These setae lie beyond 

 the costal sclerite, not on it as does the frenulum; they are termed 

 by Braun ('19) the costal spines. The frenulum and costal spines 

 are both present in some moths (Fig. 711). 



In many moths, and 

 especially in the Noc- 

 tuidae, the fore wings are 

 marked by transverse 

 lines or bands, and by 

 spots that are so uniform 

 in position in different 

 species that they have 

 been given names, which 

 are used to designate 

 them in the descriptions 

 of those species in which 



they occur. Figure 712 . . . , , 



is a diagram of a fore Fig. 712.— Diagram of afore wmg of a noctuid moth, 

 wing of a noctuid moth The lettering is explained in the text. (After 



indicating the positions Crosby and Leonard.) 



of the named lines or bands and spots. Six transverse lines or bands and three 

 spots have been named, as follows: 



The basal or subbasal band (Fig. 712, b). — This is a band extending halfway 

 across the wing near its base. 



The transverse anterior band (Fig. 712 t. a). — This is often designated as the 

 /. a. line; in some English books it is termed the first line. 

 The median lifte (Fig. 712, m). 



The transverse posterior band (Fig. 712, /. p). — This is often designated as the 

 /. p. line; it is the second line of English authors. 

 The subterminal band (Fig. 712, 5. /). 

 The terminal band (Fig. 712, /). 



The orbicular or round spot (Fig. 712, 0). — This is a round or oval spot situ- 

 ated in the discal cell. 



The renijorm spot (Fig. 712, r). — This is a somewhat kidney-shaped spot at the 

 end of the discal cell. 



The claviform spot (Fig. 712, c).- — An elongate spot extending from the /. a. 

 line toward the /. p. line in cell Cu. 



The typical mouth-parts of adult Lepidoptera are fitted for suck- 

 ing. In some families, the members of which do not take food during 



the adult stadium, the 

 mouth -parts are vestigi- 

 al; and in one family, 

 the Micropterygidae, 

 which is doubtfully in- 

 cluded in this order, the 

 mouth-parts are of the 

 mandibular type. 



^^ ^.„,„„ -^^^lAjpc ^^ those families in 



>W ^ '^^r^ which the typical form 



of the mouth-parts is 

 well shown, the only 

 parts of these organs that 

 are well developed are 

 the maxillae and the palpi, the other parts being either absent or 



Fig. 713. — Maxillas of the cotton-moth, 

 and the tip of the same enlarged. 



