582 AN INTRODUCTION TO ENTOMOLOGY 



AA. The Frenate Lepidoptera. — Moths, skippers, and butterflies in which the 

 two wings of each side are united by a frenulum or by its substitute, a large 



humeral area of the hind wings, p. 596 Suborder Frenate 



B. The Generalized Frenat,^. — Moths that are supposed to retain more 

 nearly than other Frcnatag the form of the primitive Frenatas, those that 

 were the first to appear on earth. 



C. The Aculeate Frenate. — Moths in which the aculeag are distributed 

 over the general surface of the wings. 



The Incurvariids. p. 598 Family iNCURVARiro^ 



The Nepticulids. p. 600 Family Nepticulid^ 



CC. The Non-aculeate Generalized Frenatae. — Moths in which the 

 aculese are confined to small areas of the wings or are absent. 



The Carpenter Moths, p. 601 Family CossiD^ 



The Smoky Moths, p. 604 Family Pyromorphid^ 



The Dalcerids. p. 605 Family Dalcerid^ 



The Flannel-moths, p. 606 Family Megalopygid^ 



The Slug-caterpillar-moths, p. 608 Family Eucleid^ 



The Epipyropids. p. 610 Family Epipyropid^ 



BB. The Specialized Frenate. — Moths, skippers, and butterflies that de- 

 part more widely than do the Generalized Frenatae from the primitive type of 

 Lepidoptera, being more highly modified for special conditions of existence. 

 An indication of the specialized condition of these insects is the modified 

 form of the wings. In nearly all the base of vein M has been lost and the 

 branches of this vein joined to veins R and Cu. 



C. The Specialized MiCROFRENAT^. — Frenulum-bearing moths which are 

 usually of small, often of minute, size. In many of these moths the anal 

 area of the hind wings is not reduced, having three anal veins; in some 

 others the hind wings are very narrow and a broad fringe acts as a sub- 

 stitute for the membrane of the anal area. 



The Acrolophids. p 611 Family Acrolophid^ 



The Tineids. p. 611 Family Tineid^ 



The Bag- worm Moths, p. 613 Family Psychid^e 



The Tischeriids. p. 615 Family Tischeriid^ 



The Lyonetiids. p. 616 Family Lyonetiid^ 



The Opostegids. p. 617 Family Opostegid^ 



The Oinophilids. p. 617 Family Oinophilid.^ 



The Gracilariids. p. 617 Family Gracilariid^ 



The Coleophorids. p. 620 Family Coleophorid.^ 



The Elachistids. p. 621 Family Elachistid^ 



The Heliozelids. p. 622 Family Heliozelid/E 



The Douglasiids. p. 623 Family Douglasiid^ 



The CEcophorids. p. 624 Family CEcophorid.e 



The Ethmiids. p. 625 Family Ethmiid^ 



The Stenomids. p. 625 Family Stenomid^ 



The Gelechiids. p. 625 Family Gelechiid.e 



The Blastobasids. p. 628 Family Blastobasid^e 



The Cosmopterygids. p. 629 Family Cosmopterygid^ 



The Scythridids. p. 631 Family Scythridid.'E 



The Yponomeutids. p. 631 Family Yponomeutid^ 



The Plutellids. p. 632 Family Plutellid^e 



The Glyphipterygids. p. 633 Family Glyphipterygid^ 



The Heliodinids. p. 634 Family Heliodinid/e 



The Clear- winged Moths, p. 634 Family ^Egeriid^ 



Superfamily Tortricoidea 



The Olethreutids. p. 639 Family Olethreutid^ 



The Typical Tortricids. p. 642 Family Tortricid^ 



The Phaloniids. p. 643 Family Phaloniid^ 



The Carposinids. p. 644 Family Carposinid^ 



CC. The Pyralids and Their Allies 

 Superfamily Pyralidoidea 



The Pyralids. p. 644 Family Pyralidid^e 



The Plume-moths, p. 652 Family Pterophorid^ 



