LEPIDOPTERA 639 



C. Fore wings with veins R4 and R; stalked or united, veins M2, M.,, and 



Cui diverging or parallel. (A few species only), p. 642 ..... TortriciDvE 



CC. Fore wings with veins R4 and Rj separate, or with veins AL, M3, and 



Cui converging strongly toward the margin of the wing. p. 639 



Olethreutid.^ 



BB. Without a fringe of long hairs on the basal part of vein Cu of the hind 

 wings. 



C. Fore wings with the distal part at least of vein istA preserved. Vein 

 Cu3 of the fore wings arising from a point before the outer fourth of the 

 discal cell. 

 D. Veins AIi and M2 of the fore wings somewhat approximate at the 



margin of the wing {Laspeyresia lautana) p. 639 Olethreutid^ 



DD. Veins Mi and M2 of the fore wings divergent or parallel, p. 642 



TORTRICID^ 



CC. Both fore and hind wings with vein istA lost, vein Cu, of the fore 

 wings arising from the outer fourth of the discal cell. p. 643 Phaloniid^ 



Family OLETHREUTID^* 



As a rule the members of this family are easily distinguished from 

 all other tortricids by the presence of a fringe of long hairs on the 

 basal part of cubitus of the hind wings, on the upper side of the 

 wing. This fringe is lacking in a few members of this family and is 

 present in a few members of the next family. 



This is the largest of the famihes of tortricids; more than four 

 hundred North American species have been described. The following 

 species are among those most likely to be observed, and will serve 

 to illustrate the differences in habits of the different species. 



The codlin-moth, Carpocapsa pomoijella.— This is the best known 

 and probably the most important insect enemy of the apple. The 

 larva is the worm found feeding near the core of 

 wormy apples. The adult (Fig. 782) is a beautiful 

 little creature with finely mottled pale gray or rosy 

 fore wings. There is a large brownish spot near the 

 end of the fore wing, and upon this spot irregular, 

 golden bands. The moth issues from the pupa state Fig. 782.— Car- 

 in late spring and lays its eggs singly on the surface tnTlla'^ "' 

 of the frtiit or on adjacent leaves. As soon as the 

 larva hatches it burrows into the apple and eats its way to the core, 

 usually causing the fruit to fall prematurely. When full grown the 

 larva burrows out through the side of the fruit, and undergoes its 

 transformations within a cocoon, under the rough bark of the tree, 

 or in some other protected place. The number of generations annually 

 varies in different parts of the country. As a rule there is in the North 

 one full generation and usually a partial second ; where the season is 

 longer there are two or three generations. The larvffi winter in their 

 cocoons transforming to pupas during early spring. 



The method of combating this pest that is most commonly em- 

 ployed now is to spray the trees with a solution of arsenate of lead, 

 four to six pounds of arsenate of lead in one hundred gallons of water, 

 just after the petals fall and before the young apples are heavy 



*This family is the Eucosmidse of some writers, and the Epiblemidas of others. 



