LEPIDOPTERA 



641 



in the spring from its cocoon on a fallen leaf where it has passed the 

 winter in the pupa state. The first generation of larvas make a slight 

 web among the blossom buds into which they eat destroying many 

 embryo grapes. When full-grown the larva passes to a leaf and makes 

 a very peculiar cocoon. It cuts a semicircular incision in the leaf, 

 bends over the flap thus made, fastens its 

 free edge to the leaf, and lines the cavity 

 thus enclosed with silk; here it trans- 

 forms to a pupa. The moths of the second 

 and later generations lay their eggs on the 

 berries, and the larvag bore into them 

 and feed on the pulp and seeds. The most 

 efficient method of control of this pest is 

 by spraying with a solution of arsenate of 

 lead, six pounds of the poison in one hun- 

 dred gallons of water. The first applica- 

 tion should be made shortly after the 

 fruit sets, and one or two more at intervals 

 of ten days. 



The bud-moth, Tmetocera ocelldna. — 

 The larva of this insect is a pest infesting 

 apple-trees. It works in opening fruit-buds 

 and leaf-buds, often eating into them, 

 especially the terminal ones, so that all 

 new growth is stopped. It also ties the 

 young leaves at the end of a shoot to- 

 gether and lives within the cluster thus formed, adding other leaves 

 when more food is needed. Sometimes so large a proportion of the 

 fruit-buds are destroyed as to seriously reduce the amount of the 

 crop. The pupa state is passed within the cluster of tied leaves or 

 within a tube formed by rolling up one side of a leaf, and lasts about 

 ten days. The moth expands about 1 5 mm. ; it is of a dark ashen gray, 

 with a large, irregular, whitish band on the fore wing. 



The clover-seed caterpillar, Laspeyresia interstinctdna. — This is a 

 common pest which feeds in the heads of clover, especially red clover, 

 destroying many of the unopened buds and some of the tender green 

 seeds, and spoiling the head as a whole. It sometimes greatly dimin- 

 ishes the crop of seed. There are three generations annually. The 

 last generation passes the winter in the pupa state as a rule; but 

 some larvce hibernate under rubbish. The adult is a pretty brown 

 moth, with a series of silvery marks along the costal margin of the 

 fore wings, and two on the inner margin, which form a double crescent 

 when the wings are closed on the back. This moth expands 10 mm. 

 If the hay is cut early and stored the larvae will be destroyed while 

 still in the heads. 



Fig. 784. — Evetria frustrana: 

 larva, pupa, adult, and 

 work. (From the Au- 

 thor's Report for 1879.) 



